Abstract
The foliar application of nutrients is prevailing in most orchards and it has noticeable favorable effects on vegetative traits, yield and fruit quality. The effect of foliar application of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on qualitative traits of hazelnut fruits was explored in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications in Shavak Village of Rudsar County, Iran. The experimental factors included cultivar (including a local variety, ‘Fertile’, and ‘Ronde du Pimount’) and foliar application (control, B at the rate of 3 mg/L, Zn at the rate of 3 mg/L, and a mixture of B and Zn at the same rates of 3 mg/L) in spring. The recorded traits were antioxidant, anthocyanin, catalase, peroxidase, phenolic compounds, fat, ash, protein, Zn, B, and P. The results indicated that the effect of cultivar was significant (p < 0.01) on anthocyanin, catalase, peroxidase, phenolics, fat, ash, Zn, and B. Mean comparison for the effect of the foliar application revealed that the highest anthocyanin was observed in the local variety. In addition, the effect of foliar application was significant (p < 0.01) on anthocyanin, catalase, peroxidase, fat, ash, protein, Zn, B, and P. Means comparison for the effect of cultivar revealed that cv. ‘Ronde du Pimount’ had the highest anthocyanin, catalase, peroxidase, fat, and Zn content in its kernels. The effect of the foliar application of the micronutrients was positive on the measured qualitative traits. The foliar application of B had a more significant impact on the traits.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Karim, H. A., Nehad, M. A., El-Rouby, K. M., & Roshdy, K. A. (2015). Effect of foliar application of Boron and Zinc on fruit set, yield and some fruit characteristics of Fuerte avocado. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences,6(5), 443–449.
Addy, S. K., & Goodman, R. N. (1972). Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in apple leaves inoculated with a virulent or an avirulent strain for erwinia amylovora. Indian phytopathology,25, 575–579.
Adeli, S., & Rafiee, M. (2018). Influence of different levels of zinc and iron sulfate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of soybean L17 cultivar. Journal of Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology,4(2), 49–66.
Akhtar, N., Sarker, M. A., Akhter, H., & Nada, K. (2009). Effect of planting time and micronutrient as zinc chloride on the growth: yield and oil content of Mentha piperita. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research,44(1), 125–130.
Alasalvar, C., Karamac, M., Amarowicz, R., & Shahidi, F. (2006). Antioxidant and antiradicalactivities in extracts of hazelnut kernel (Corylus avellana L.) and hazelnutgreen leafy cover. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,54, 4826–4832.
Andrade, S., Priscila, L., Gratao, L., Schiavinato, M., & Silveira, A. (2009). Zn uptake, physiological response and stress attenuation in mycorrhizal jack bean growing in soil with increasing Zn concentration. Chemospher,75, 1363–1370.
Anonymous. (2016). Statistic book of the Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture: Office of Statistics, IT, Networking, and GIS of Guilan Province.
AOAC. (1990). Official methods of analysis (17th ed.). Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
Arcan, I., & Yemenicioglu, A. (2009). Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of fresh and dry nuts with or without the seed coat. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,22, 184–188.
Asadi Kanqarshahi, A., Akhlaghi Amiri, N., & Malakouti, M. (2011). Effect of rates and methods of application of zinc on yield, and fruit quality in Satsuma Mandarin. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research,42(1), 77–86.
Bignami, C., Cristofori, V., & Troso, D. (2005). Kernel quality and composition of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Acta Horticulturae,686, 477–484.
Blandino, M., Pilati, A., & Reyneri, A. (2009). Effect of foliar treatment to durum wheat on flag leaf senescence, grain yield, quality and deoxynivalenol contamination in North Italy. Field Crop Research,114(2), 214–222.
Boccacci, P., Armamini, M., Valentini, N., Bacchetta, L., Rovira, M., Drogoudi, P., et al. (2013). Molecular and morphological diversity of on-farm hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) landraces from southern Europe and their role in the origin and diffusion of cultivated germplasm. Tree Genetics & Genomes,9, 1465–1480.
Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry,72, 248–254.
Bybordi, A., & Jasarat, A. (2010). Effects of the foliar application of magnesium and zinc on the yield and quality of tree grape cultivars grown in the clcareous soils of Iran. Notulae Scientia Biologicae,2(2), 81–86.
Bybordi, A., & Malakouti, M. J. (2006). Effects of foliar applications of nitrogen, boron and zinc on fruit setting and quality of aalmonds. Acta Horticulturae,726, 351–358.
Cakmak, I. (2008). Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc. Agronomic or genetic biofortification. Plant and Soil,302, 1–17.
Chance, B., & Maehl, A. C. (1995). Assay of catalase and peroxidase. In S. P. Colowick & N. D. Kaplan (Eds.), Methods in enzymology (Vol. 2, pp. 764–791). New York: Academic Press.
Christensen, P., Beede, R. H., & Peacock, W. (2016). Fall foliar sprays prevent boron deficiency symptomps in grapes. California Agriculture,60(2), 100–103.
Durak, I., Köksal, I., Kacmaz, M., Büyükkocak, S., Cimen, B. M. Y., & Öztürk, H. S. (1999). Hazelnut supplementation enhances plasma antioxidant potential and lowersplasma cholesterol levels. Clinica Chimica Acta,284, 113–115.
Elizabeth, A., & Kelly, M. (2007). Estimation of total phenolic content and other oxidation substrates in plant tissues using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Nature Protocol,2(4), 875–877.
Emami, A. (1996). Plant analysis method. Tehran: Soil and Water Research Institute.
FAOSTAT. (2016). Food and agriculture data. http://Faostat.fao.org/site/565/desktop.
Feng, Z., Jin-Kui, G., Ying-Li, Y., Wen-Liang, H., & Li-in, Z. (2004). Changes in the pattern of antioxidant exzymes in wheat exposed to water deficit and rewatering. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,26(3), 345–352.
Ghaderi, N., Vazvaei, A., Talaei, A., & Babalar, M. (2003). The effect of foliar application of boron and zinc on the concentration of these elements in the leaves and fruits and some traits of almond fruits. Iran Journal of Agricultural Sciences,34(1), 127–135.
Hamilton, R. J., & Rossel, J. B. (1987). Analysis of oils and fats. Elsevier Applied Science, 18–19, 49–55, 103, 245, 313–336.
Hassan, M. J., Zhang, G., Wei, K., & Chen, Z. (2005). Zinc alleviates growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by cadmium in rice. JPNSS,168, 255–261.
Hosseini, Y., & Malakouti, M. (2005). Boron dynamism in plants. Higher council of policymaking for development of application of biological compounds and optimal use of fertilizers and herbicides in agriculture. Tehran: Sena Press.
Jung, S., Chon, S. U., & Kuk, Y. I. (2006). Differential antioxidant responses in catalase deficient maize mutants exposed to norflurazon. Biologia Plantarum,50(3), 383–388.
Kawano, T. (2003). Roles of the reactive oxygen species-generating peroxidase reactions in plant defense and growth in duction. Plant Cell Reports,21, 829–837.
Kornsteiner, M., Wagner, K. H., & Elmadfa, I. (2006). Tocopherols and total phenolics in10 different nut types. Food Chemistry,98, 381–387.
Lakshmipathi, J., Adiga, D., Kalaivanan, D., Muralidhara, B. M., & Preethi, P. (2018). Effect of zinc and boron application on leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, stomatal number and yield of cashew. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences,7, 1786–1795.
Lee, S. H., Choi, J. H. W. S., Park, Y. S., & Gemma, H. (2007). Effect of calcium chloride spray on peroxidase activity and stone cell development in pear fruit (Pyrus pyrifolia, Nnitaka). Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science,76, 191–196.
Malakouti, M., Keshavarz, P., & Karimian, N. (2008). A comprehensive method to diagnose and propose optimal fertilization for sustainable farming. Tehran: Tarbiat Maddares University Press.
Marschner, H. (1995). Nutrition of higher plants (2nd ed.). London: Academic Press.
Mazumdar, B. C., & Majumder, K. (2003). Methods on physcochemical analysis of fruits (pp. 136–150). Calcutta: University College of Agriculture.
Meyers, K. J., Watkins, C. B., Pritts, M. P., & Liu, R. H. (2003). Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of strawberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,51, 6887–6892.
Mishra, N., Dubey, A., Mishra, R., & Barik, N. (2010). Study on antioxidant activity of common dry fruits. Food and Chemical Toxicology,48, 3316–3320.
Moradi, M., Roushan, F., & Siadat, S. (2015). Effect of foliar application of zinc sulfate on minerals content, seed and oil yields of two safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Science,17(2), 153–164.
Nedim, Ö., & Damla, B. Ö. (2014). Effect of iron fertilization on nut traits and nutrient composition of Tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) and its potentialvalue for human nutrition. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science,64(7), 633–643.
Norozi, M., ValizadehKaji, B., Karimi, R., & Nikoogoftar Sedghi, M. (2019). Effects of foliar application of potassium and zinc on pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) fruit yield. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology,6(1), 113–123.
Ozdemir, F., & Akıncı, I. (2004). Physical and nutritional properties of fourmajor commercial Turkish hazelnut varieties. Journal of Food Engineering,63, 341–347.
Ozkutlu, F., Dogru, Y. Z., Ozenc, N., Yazıcı, G., Turan, M., & Akcay, F. (2011). The importance of Turkish hazelnut trace and heavy metal contents for human nutrition. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management,2, 25–33.
Pandit, A. H., Wani, M. S., Mir, M. A., Bhat, K. M., Wani, S. M., & Malik, A. R. (2011). Effect of foliar application of boron and zink on fruit set and productivity of almond. Acta Horticulturae,903, 1007–1009.
Paulasilva, A., Eduardo, R., & Silivia, H. (2003). Infuence of foliar Boron on fruit set and yield of hazelnut. Journal of Plant Nutrition,26(3), 561–569.
Qin, X. (1996). Foliar sprays of B, Zn, and Mg and their effects on fruit production and quality of Jincheng organ. Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,18(1), 40–45.
Ramandeep, K. T., & Savage, P. G. (2005). Antioxidant activity in different factions of tomatoes. Food Research International,38, 487–494.
Saadati, S., Moallemi, N., Mortazavi, S. M. H., & Seyyednejad, S. M. (2013). Foliar applications of zinc and boron on fruit set and some fruit quality of olive. Scientia Horticiculturae,164, 30–34.
Sanitaditoppi, L., & Gabbrieli, R. (1999). Response to cadmium in higher plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany,41, 105–130.
Sotomayor, C., Silva, H., & Castro, J. (2002). Effectiveness of boron and zinc foliar sprays on fruit setting of two almond cultivars. Acta Horticiculturae,591, 437–440.
Souri, M., & Malakouti, M. (2003). The role of zinc sulfate and calcium chloror foliar application on alleviating apple juice browning. Technical Report No. 192.
Teresa, D., Ricardo, M., José, A. P., & Elsa, R. (2010). Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) kernels as a source of antioxidants and their potential in relation to other nuts. Industrial Crops and Products,32, 621–626.
Whitty, E. N., & Chambliss, C. G. (2005). Fertilization of field and forage crops (pp. 21–24). Reno: Nevada State University Publication.
Wojcik, P., & Wojcik, W. (2007). Effect of boron fertilization on sweet cherry tree yield and fruit quality. Journal of Plant Nutrition,29(10), 1755–1766.
Zand, B., Sorooshzadeh, A., Ghanati, F., & Moradi, F. (2010). Effect of zinc and auxin foliar application on some antioxidant enzymes activity in corn leaf. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology,2(1), 35–48.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alidust, M., Sedaghathoor, S. & Abedi Gheshlaghi, E. The effect of foliar application of boron and zinc on qualitative traits of hazelnut cultivars. Plant Physiol. Rep. 25, 131–139 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-019-00470-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-019-00470-y