Abstract
Effect of different growth temperature regimes was studied on morphological and flowering characters of two gladiolus cultivars viz. Snow Princess and American Beauty. Both the cultivars were raised in Phytotron using corm size of 3.5–4.0 cm in diameter. Temperatures treatments were maintained 20/18, 26/22 or 30/26 °C (Day/Night) with 14 h light and 60–65 % relative humidity in the growth chambers. Days required for corm sprouting decreased as the temperature levels increased. 30/26 °C temperature was found with lowest days for corm sprouting. Sprouting percentage of corms was 100 % under all the treatments in both the cultivars. There was non-significant difference in leaf number and number of florets per spike under all the temperature. Number of florets was maximum at 20/18 and 26/22 °C temperatures and was nil at 30/26 °C. The taller spike and rachis length was found under treatment T2 (26/22 °C) in cultivar American Beauty. The duration of flowering reduced with the temperature increase. Maximum duration of flowering on spike (5.67 day) was found in control treatment (20/18 °C). With few exceptions, adverse effect of increase in temperature was substantial. However, the effect of highest temperature of 30/26 °C was more adverse and significant for various vegetative and reproductive growth parameters in both the cultivars. Increase in temperature concomitantly decreased flower initiation, hastened sprouting of corms and increased plant height.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Apte, S. S. (1960). New approach to an old problem-early flowering of gladiolus. The Gladiolus, New England Gladiolus Society Year Book 35, 123–130.
Banker, G. J., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (1980). A note on effect of time of planting on growth, flowering and corm production in gladiolus. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 37, 305–309.
Barnes, J. D., Balaguer, L., Maurigue, E., Elvira, S., & Davision, A. W. (1992). A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction and determination of chlorophyll a and b in lichens and higher plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 32(2), 87–99.
Corbesier, L., & Coupland, G. (2006). The quest for florigen: A review of recent progress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57, 3395–3403.
Davies, L. J., Brooking, I. R., Catley, J. L., & Hallinga, E. A. (2002). Effect of constant temperature and irradiance on the flower stem quality of Sandersonia aurantiac. Scientia Horticulturae, 93, 321–332.
Delgado, E., Mitchell, R. A. C., Parry, M. A. J., Driscoll, S. P., Mitchell, V. J., & Lawlor, D. W. (1994). Interacting effects of CO, concentration, temperature and nitrogen supply on the photosynthesis and composition of winter wheat leaves. Plant Cell Environment, 17, 1205–1213.
Iwama, S., & Iwai, S. (1952). On late season culture of gladiolus. Journal of Horticultural Science, 21, 183–188.
Jackson, M. L. (1980). Soil chemical analysis. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Private Limited.
Kanno, A., Nakada, M., Akita, Y., & Hirai, M. (2007). Class B gene expression and the modified ABC model in nongrass monocots. TSW Development and Embryology, 2, 17–28.
Khanna, K., & Gill, A. P. S. (1983). Effect of planting time of gladiolus corms on flowering and cormel development. Punjab Horticultural Journal, 23(1/2), 116–120.
Kim, S. H., Niedziela, C. E., Nelson, P. V., De Hertogh, A. A., Swallow, W. H., & Mingis, N. C. (2007a). Growth and development of Lilium longiflorum cv. Nellie White during bulb production under controlled environments II. Effects of shifting day/night temperature regimes on scale bulblets. Scientia Horticulturae, 112(1), 95–98.
Kim, S. H., Niedziela, C. E, Jr., Nelson, P. V., De Hertogh, A. A., Swallowd, W. H., & Mingis, N. C. (2007b). Growth and development of Lilium longiflorum cv. Nellie White during bulb production under controlled environments I. Effects of constant, variable and greenhouse day/night temperature regimes on scale and stem bulblets. Scientia Horticulturae, 112, 89–94.
Kulkarni, M. G., Sparg, S. G., & Van Staden, J. (2005). Influence of temperature and watering frequencies on seed germination and seedling growth of Ornithogalum longibracteatum and Tulbaghia violacea. Scientia Horticulturae, 107, 103–109.
Laurie, A., Kiplinger, D. C., & Nelson, K. S. (1979). Cut flower crop production. In A. Laurie (Ed.), Commercial Flower Forcing. New York: McGraw Hill.
Masterlerz, J. W. (1977). The greenhouse environment. New York: Wiley.
Niedziela, C. E, Jr, Kim, S. H., Nelson, P. V., & De Hertogh, A. A. (2008). Effects of N–P–K deficiency and temperature regime on the growth and development of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’ during bulb production under phytotron conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 116(4), 430–436.
Ray, D., Dey, S. K., & Das, G. (2004). Significance of the leaf area ratio in Hevea brasiliensis under high irradiance and low temperature stress. Photosynthetica, 42(1), 93–97.
Shillo, R., & Halevy, A. H. (1963). The effect of low temperature on the flowering of gladiolus. Israel journal of agricultural research, 13, 141–145.
Shillo, R., & Halevy, A. H. (1976). The effect of various environmental factors on flowering of gladiolus. IV. Interaction of environmental factors general discussion. Scientia Horticulturae, 4(2), 157–162.
Vega, A. (1970). The influence of day length on date of flowering, height and corm size of gladiolus. First International Symposium of Flower Bulbs Israel, 1, 96–98.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the research Grant from Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kadam, G.B., Singh, K.P. & Singh, M.P. Effect of different temperature regimes on morphological and flowering characteristics in gladiolus (Gladiolus (Tourn) L.). Ind J Plant Physiol. 18, 49–54 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-013-0003-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-013-0003-5