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Anxiety in Children with Autism at School: a Systematic Review

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Abstract

Anxiety in autism is commonly reported by parents, but teacher reports of anxiety in their students with autism have received little attention. This paper presents the results from the first systematic review on anxiety in children with autism at school. Six intervention studies (five of which were based upon cognitive–behavioural therapy) and 26 descriptive/non-experimental studies met inclusion criteria. Sample populations from included studies were frequently drawn from psychiatric clinics, with females and children attending special schools underrepresented, making generalisability of results difficult. Few studies used anxiety-specific measures, with most reporting anxiety-related subscale means from broader emotional/behavioural questionnaires. While 19 studies included multiple informants, which is recommended practice, only seven studies combined parent, teacher and child reports of anxiety. Comparison between informants proved difficult, with varying sample sizes and few studies using the same measure across participant groups. To further our understanding of the presentation of anxiety in children with autism attending school, studies need to include multiple informants and, where possible, extend beyond reporting average scores from broad anxiety subscales to provide descriptions of presentation and symptomatology.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the work of Damian Vann in assisting with the inter-rater reliability and the assistance and support of the Griffith Institute for Educational Research (GIER).

Funding Statement

This review was supported by an Educational Horizons Grant from the Queensland Department of Education and Training. The funder had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript or the decision to submit the paper for publication.

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  1. Autism Centre of Excellence, School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia

    Dawn Adams & Deb Keen

  2. Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia

    Dawn Adams, Kate Young & Deb Keen

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Adams, D., Young, K. & Keen, D. Anxiety in Children with Autism at School: a Systematic Review. Rev J Autism Dev Disord 6, 274–288 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-019-00172-z

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