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Lung US features of severe interstitial pneumonia: case report and review of the literature

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Abstract

Background

Chlamydia pneumonia is reported to account for a relatively large number of cases of CAP. In elderly patients in particular, the clinical presentation can be a severe form of diffuse interstitial pneumonia. The chest X-ray presentation is aspecific. Lung US can show a typical pattern of diffuse interstitial lung syndrome; in some cases, like the present one, the association of multiple B lines with a coarse and thickened pleural line points to a more likely diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia.

Case report

We present the case of an 87-year-old woman with severe interstitial chlamydial pneumonia, for whom lung US was very useful for directing diagnosis and for follow-up during therapy.

Conclusions

The use of lung US in the diagnosis of interstitial syndrome is likely to improve the care of patients in whom the diagnosis is a consideration; it offers better characterization than a chest X-ray and is free from CT radiation. Furthermore, the concept of using lung US for monitoring a patient is one of the major innovations that has emerged from recent studies.

Sommario

Background

Chlamydia pneumoniae è riconosciuto come agente eziologico largamente rappresentato nelle polmoniti acquisite in comunità (CAP); nei soggetti più anziani può associarsi a gravi forme di polmonite interstiziale diffusa. La presentazione radiologica è aspecifica. L’ecografia polmonare può mostrare un quadro tipico di sindrome interstiziale diffusa; in alcuni casi, quale il nostro, l’associazione di multiple linee B con il reperto di una linea pleurica irregolare ed ispessita, può suggerire una più verosimile diagnosi di polmonite interstiziale.

Caso clinico

presentiamo il caso di una paziente di 87 anni, ricoverata nel nostro reparto per grave polmonite interstiziale da Chlamydia, in cui il ruolo dell’ecografia polmonare si è dimostrato fondamentale nella diagnosi e nel follow-up in corso di terapia mirata.

Conclusioni

l’ecografia polmonare può migliorare la gestione clinica del paziente con probabile diagnosi di polmonite interstiziale, per miglior caratterizzazione del quadro rispetto alla radiografia del torace, evitando il danno da radiazioni proprio della TC. L’utilità dell’ecografia polmonare nel monitoraggio del paziente durante terapia emerge sempre con più chiarezza in letteratura.

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Correspondence to Tiziano Perrone.

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Conflict of interest

We declare no conflict of interest or financial support for this article.

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Authors declare that procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration.

Informed consent

The Authors declare that all patients of IRCCS San Matteo of Pavia give at admission written informed consent to analyze in the future their data for research purposes, approved from our Bioethical Committee.

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Perrone, T., Quaglia, F. Lung US features of severe interstitial pneumonia: case report and review of the literature. J Ultrasound 20, 247–249 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-017-0241-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-017-0241-x

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