Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental investigation of the cetane improver and bioethanol addition for the use of waste cooking oil biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, bioethanol produced from sugar beet and biodiesel produced from waste cooking oils was blended with each other in the volumetric rates to be 20% and 80%, respectively. Cetane improver (di-tert-butyl peroxide) was added into blend fuel in 1–2–3% as volumetric. The obtained blends were used as a fuel in the diesel engine which is single-cylinder, direct-inject, four-stroke. The tests were conducted under four different engine loads (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and 1400 rpm engine speed. The test results showed that brake-specific fuel consumption was decreased up to 15.5% thanks to the addition of cetane improver, although biodiesel and bioethanol increased brake-specific fuel consumption by 16.1% and 27.54%, respectively. However, brake thermal efficiency values were increased up to 9.44% with both biodiesel and cetane improver added blend fuels, while brake thermal efficiency was decreased by 3.88% with bioethanol addition. The more compatible combustion characteristics with that of diesel fuel have been obtained due to especially the increase in cetane number. The use of biofuels increased both maximum cylinder pressure and heat release rate. While, with the cetane improver addition, a decrease in CO, HC and smoke opacity values was observed up to 22.5%, 17.44% and 24.44%, respectively, CO2, NOX and exhaust gas temperature values were increased up to 19.55%, 5% and 15.22%, respectively, according to bioethanol blend fuel.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

BSFC:

Brake-specific fuel consumption

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

CA:

Crank angle

CA50:

Crank angle point for 50% accumulated HRR

CA90:

Crank angle point for 90% accumulated HRR

CBD:

Cotton biodiesel

cDF:

Conventional diesel fuel

CI:

Cetane index

CNI:

Cetane improver

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

DI:

Direct injection

DTBP:

Di-tert-butyl peroxide

EGT:

Exhaust gas temperature

HC:

Hydrocarbon

HRR:

Heat release rate

HRRmax :

Maximum heat release rate

ID:

Ignition delay

LHV:

Lower heating value

NOx :

Nitrogen oxides

PM:

Particular matter

Pmax :

Maximum cylinder pressure

SoC:

Start of combustion

SoI:

Start of ignition

WB:

Waste cooking oil biodiesel

WBE:

80% WB + 20% bioethanol

WBE1:

99% WBE + 1% DTBP

WBE2:

98% WBE + 2% DTBP

WBE3:

97% WBE + 3% DTBP

WCO:

Waste cooking oil

θHRRmax :

Angle of max. heat release rate

θP max :

Angle of max. cylinder pressure

References

  1. Pradelle F, Braga SL, de Aguiar Martins ARF et al (2017) Stabilization of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol (DBE) blends: formulation of an additive from renewable sources. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 39(9):3277–3293

    Google Scholar 

  2. Uyaroğlu A, Uyumaz A, Çelikten İ (2018) Comparison of the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of inedible Crambe abyssinica biodiesel and edible hazelnut, corn, soybean, sunflower, and canola biodiesels. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 37(4):1438–1447

    Google Scholar 

  3. Rastogi RP, Pandey A, Larroche C et al (2018) Algal Green Energy–R&D and technological perspectives for biodiesel production. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 82:2946–2969

    Google Scholar 

  4. Yarrapragada KR, Krishna BB (2017) Impact of tamanu oil-diesel blend on combustion, performance and emissions of diesel engine and its prediction methodology. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 39(5):1797–1811

    Google Scholar 

  5. Abubakar H, Abdulkareem A, Jimoh A et al (2016) Optimization of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Energy Sources Part A: Recovery Util Environ Effects 38(16):2355–2361

    Google Scholar 

  6. Muralidharan K, Vasudevan D (2015) Applications of artificial neural networks in prediction of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of variable compression ratio engine fuelled with waste cooking oil biodiesel. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 37(3):915–928

    Google Scholar 

  7. Mohammed AR, Bandari C (2017) Lab-scale catalytic production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil—a review. Biofuels, 1–11

  8. Wei L, Cheung C, Ning Z (2017) Influence of waste cooking oil biodiesel on combustion, unregulated gaseous emissions and particulate emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Energy 127:175–185

    Google Scholar 

  9. Prabu SS, Asokan M, Roy R et al (2017) Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil bio-diesel/diesel blends with additives. Energy 122:638–648

    Google Scholar 

  10. Patel C, Chandra K, Hwang J et al (2019) Comparative compression ignition engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics, and trace metals in particulates from Waste cooking oil, Jatropha and Karanja oil derived biodiesels. Fuel 236:1366–1376

    Google Scholar 

  11. Geng P, Mao H, Zhang Y et al (2017) Combustion characteristics and NOx emissions of a waste cooking oil biodiesel blend in a marine auxiliary diesel engine. Appl Therm Eng 115:947–954

    Google Scholar 

  12. Özgün AK, Eryılmaz T (2018) A comparative study of engine performance and exhaust emissions of biodiesel and its blends produced from waste cooking oil and neutralized waste cooking oil. Int J Automot Eng Technol 7(3):88–97

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kuszewski H (2018) Effect of adding 2-ethylhexyl nitrate cetane improver on the autoignition properties of ethanol–diesel fuel blend–Investigation at various ambient gas temperatures. Fuel 224:57–67

    Google Scholar 

  14. Júnior LCSS, Ferreira VP, da Silva JA et al (2018) Oxidized biodiesel as a cetane improver for diesel–biodiesel–ethanol mixtures in a vehicle engine. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 40(2):79

    Google Scholar 

  15. Wei L, Cheung C, Ning Z (2018) Effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-butanol blends on the combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine. Energy 155:957–970

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kumar MS, Arul K, Sasikumar N (2019) Impact of oxygen enrichment on the engine’s performance, emission and combustion behavior of a biofuel based reactivity controlled compression ignition engine. J Energy Inst 92:51–61

    Google Scholar 

  17. Candan F, Ciniviz M, Ors I (2017) Effect of cetane improver addition into diesel fuel methanol mixtures on performance and emissions at different injection pressures. Thermal Sci 21(1B):555–566

    Google Scholar 

  18. Karthickeyan V (2019) Data set for effect of cetane enhancer on ceramic coated diesel engine fuelled with neat Moringa oleifera methyl ester. Data Brief 24:103932

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kumar H, Sarma AK, Kumar P (2019) A novel approach to study the effect of cetane improver on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with E20 (diesel–bioethanol) blend. Sustain Chem Pharm 14:100185

    Google Scholar 

  20. Li R, Wang Z, Ni P et al (2014) Effects of cetane number improvers on the performance of diesel engine fuelled with methanol/biodiesel blend. Fuel 128:180–187

    Google Scholar 

  21. Sun W, Lailliau M, Serinyel Z et al (2019) Insights into the oxidation kinetics of a cetane improver–1, 2-dimethoxyethane (1, 2-DME) with experimental and modeling methods. Proc Combust Inst 37(1):555–564

    Google Scholar 

  22. Venkateswarlu K, Murthy B, Subbarao V (2016) An experimental investigation to study the effect of fuel additives and exhaust gas recirculation on combustion and emissions of diesel–biodiesel blends. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 38(3):735–744

    Google Scholar 

  23. Can Ö (2014) Combustion characteristics, performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with a waste cooking oil biodiesel mixture. Energy Convers Manag 87:676–686

    Google Scholar 

  24. Alptekin E, Sanli H, Canakci M (2019) Combustion and performance evaluation of a common rail DI diesel engine fueled with ethyl and methyl esters. Appl Therm Eng 149:180–191

    Google Scholar 

  25. Labeckas G, Slavinskas S, Kanapkienė I (2017) The individual effects of cetane number, oxygen content or fuel properties on the ignition delay, combustion characteristics, and cyclic variation of a turbocharged CRDI diesel engine–Part 1. Energy Convers Manag 148:1003–1027

    Google Scholar 

  26. Xing-cai L, Jian-Guang Y, Wu-Gao Z et al (2004) Effect of cetane number improver on heat release rate and emissions of high speed diesel engine fueled with ethanol–diesel blend fuel. Fuel 83(14–15):2013–2020

    Google Scholar 

  27. Gattamaneni RNL, Subramani S, Santhanam S et al (2008) Combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with rice bran oil methyl ester and its diesel blends. Thermal Sci 12(1):139–150

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ming C, Fattah IR, Chan QN et al (2018) Combustion characterization of waste cooking oil and canola oil based biodiesels under simulated engine conditions. Fuel 224:167–177

    Google Scholar 

  29. Selvam DJP, Vadivel K (2014) The effects of ethanol addition with waste pork lard methyl ester on performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine. Thermal Sci 18(1):217–228

    Google Scholar 

  30. Alptekin E, Canakci M, Ozsezen AN et al (2015) Using waste animal fat based biodiesels–bioethanol–diesel fuel blends in a DI diesel engine. Fuel 157:245–254

    Google Scholar 

  31. Jamrozik A, Tutak W, Pyrc M et al (2017) Effect of diesel/biodiesel/ethanol blend on combustion, performance and emissions characteristics on a direct injection diesel engine. Thermal Sci 21(1B):591–604

    Google Scholar 

  32. Attia AM, Hassaneen AE (2016) Influence of diesel fuel blended with biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil on diesel engine performance. Fuel 167:316–328

    Google Scholar 

  33. Prbakaran B, Viswanathan D (2018) Experimental investigation of effects of addition of ethanol to bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics in CI engine. Alexandria Eng J 57(1):383–389

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hulwan DB, Joshi SV (2011) Performance, emission and combustion characteristic of a multicylinder DI diesel engine running on diesel–ethanol–biodiesel blends of high ethanol content. Appl Energy 88(12):5042–5055

    Google Scholar 

  35. Taymaz I, Coban M (2013) Performance and emissions of an engine fuelled with a biodiesel fuel produced from animal fats. Thermal Sci 17(1):233–240

    Google Scholar 

  36. Yarrapathruni RHV, Voleti SR, Pereddy RN et al (2009) Jatropha oil methyl ester and its blends used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine. Thermal Sci 13(3):207–217

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kaliveer V, Shetty S, Shetty S et al (2017) Effect of biodiesel-ethanol fuel on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine. Energy Power 7(4):119–122

    Google Scholar 

  38. Emiroğlu AO, Şen M (2018) Combustion, performance and exhaust emission characterizations of a diesel engine operating with a ternary blend (alcohol-biodiesel-diesel fuel). Appl Therm Eng 133:371–380

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kumar KS, Raj RTK (2016) Effect of di-tertiary butyl peroxide on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of ethanol blended cotton seed methyl ester fuelled automotive diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag 127:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  40. Abed K, El Morsi A, Sayed M et al (2018) Effect of waste cooking-oil biodiesel on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine. Egypt J Pet 27:985–989

    Google Scholar 

  41. Pilusa T, Mollagee M, Muzenda E (2012) Reduction of vehicle exhaust emissions from diesel engines using the whale concept filter

  42. Ranjan A, Dawn S, Jayaprabakar J et al (2018) Experimental investigation on effect of MgO nanoparticles on cold flow properties, performance, emission and combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel. Fuel 220:780–791

    Google Scholar 

  43. Pan M, Huang R, Liao J et al (2018) Effect of EGR dilution on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with n-pentanol and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate additive. Energy Convers Manag 176:246–255

    Google Scholar 

  44. Yilmaz N, Atmanli A, Trujillo M (2017) Influence of 1-pentanol additive on the performance of a diesel engine fueled with waste oil methyl ester and diesel fuel. Fuel 207:461–469

    Google Scholar 

  45. Atmanli A (2016) Comparative analyses of diesel–waste oil biodiesel and propanol, n-butanol or 1-pentanol blends in a diesel engine. Fuel 176:209–215

    Google Scholar 

  46. Ajav E, Singh B, Bhattacharya T (1999) Experimental study of some performance parameters of a constant speed stationary diesel engine using ethanol–diesel blends as fuel. Biomass Bioenergy 17(4):357–365

    Google Scholar 

  47. Shen X, Shi J, Cao X et al (2018) Real-world exhaust emissions and fuel consumption for diesel vehicles fueled by waste cooking oil biodiesel blends. Atmos Environ 191:249–257

    Google Scholar 

  48. Valente OS, Pasa VMD, Belchior CRP et al (2012) Exhaust emissions from a diesel power generator fuelled by waste cooking oil biodiesel. Sci Total Environ 431:57–61

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ickes AM, Bohac SV, Assanis DN (2009) Effect of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate cetane improver on NO x emissions from premixed low-temperature diesel combustion. Energy Fuels 23(10):4943–4948

    Google Scholar 

  50. Zhang Q, Yao M, Luo J et al (2013) Diesel engine combustion and emissions of 2, 5-dimethylfuran-diesel blends with 2-ethylhexyl nitrate addition. Fuel 111:887–891

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Motor Vehicles and Transportation Technology, Cihanbeyli Vocational School, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

    İlker Örs

Authors
  1. İlker Örs
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to İlker Örs.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Technical Editor: Mario Eduardo Santos Martins, Ph.D..

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Örs, İ. Experimental investigation of the cetane improver and bioethanol addition for the use of waste cooking oil biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 42, 177 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-2270-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-2270-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation