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Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome (SMMCI) with congenital nasal puriform aperture stenosis: literature review and case report with comprehensive dental treatment and 14 years follow-up

  • Case Report
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Abstract

Background

Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome [SMMCI] is an extremely rare anomaly, especially when no other abnormalities are present. The defect is often found together with various nasal abnormalities and short stature with or without decreased levels of growth hormone. In more severe cases, SMMCI has been associated with holoprosencephaly, the CHARGE and the VACTERL association. Also, published sporadic cases have been related with rare variants of ectodermal dysplasia, chromosomal abnormalities, precocious puberty, hypothalamic hamartoma, congenital heart defects, physical/mental retardation, genital hypoplasia and ear abnormalities. For these reasons when the initial diagnosis is made by the paediatric dentist, ENT, neurological and paediatric evaluations are essential.

Case report

A 4-year-old boy with SMMCI was referred for dental treatment. Clinical/radiographic examination revealed a symmetrical primary and permanent SMMCI, a skeletal Class I and a unilateral crossbite. Medical history indicated respiratory distress and surgery soon after birth due to congenital nasal puriform aperture stenosis. Gradual orthodontic treatment started at the age of 4 years and completed at the age of 13 years. Following maxillary expansion, upper lateral segments were moved backwards and anterior space was created for accommodating a second central incisor. Retainers with a supplementary acrylic incisor were provided for aesthetic and functional replacement until the age of 16 years, when a fixed Maryland ceramic bridge was placed.

Follow-up

Two years recall, at the age of 18 years, revealed a satisfactory and stable aesthetic and functional result.

Conclusion

Successful dental management of SMMCI patients is possible, following a detailed long-lasting treatment plan requiring multidisciplinary paediatric dental, orthodontic and prosthetic approach.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical standards

The authors state that the study has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Also, the patient presented in the case and his parents have given their informed consent prior to the inclusion in the study. Finally, the authors’ contributions to the paper were: NN. Lygidakis BDS, MJDFRCS(Eng) and K. Chatzidimitriou DDS searched and reviewed the relevant literature and wrote the manuscript; N. Petrou DDS made the Maryland bridge; NA. Lygidakis DDS, MScM, MScD, PhD did the treatment and follow-up of the patient, coordinated the study and revised the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Private Paediatric Dental Practice, 2 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 115 28, Athens, Greece

    N. N. Lygidakis, K. Chatzidimitriou, N. Petrou & N. A. Lygidakis

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  1. N. N. Lygidakis
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  2. K. Chatzidimitriou
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  3. N. Petrou
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  4. N. A. Lygidakis
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Correspondence to N. A. Lygidakis.

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Lygidakis, N.N., Chatzidimitriou, K., Petrou, N. et al. Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome (SMMCI) with congenital nasal puriform aperture stenosis: literature review and case report with comprehensive dental treatment and 14 years follow-up. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 14, 417–423 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-013-0044-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-013-0044-5

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