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Characterising actions on trees yielding non-trivial quasimorphisms

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Abstract

Using a cocycle defined by Monod and Shalom (J Differential Geom 67(3):395–455, 2004) we introduce the median quasimorphisms for groups acting on trees. Then we characterise actions on trees that give rise to non-trivial median quasimorphisms. Roughly speaking, either the action is highly transitive on geodesics, or it fixes a point in the boundary, or there exists an infinite family of non-trivial median quasimorphisms. In particular, in the last case the second bounded cohomology of the group is infinite dimensional as a vector space. As an application, we show that a cocompact lattice in the automorphism group of a product of trees has only trivial quasimorphisms if and only if the closures of the projections on each of the two factors are locally \(\infty \)-transitive.

Résumé

On utilise un cocycle introduit par Monod et Shalom (J Differential Geom 67(3):395–455, 2004) pour définir le quasimorphisme médian d’un groupe agissant sur un arbre. Nous donnons une caractérisation d’actions sur un arbre pour lesquelles le quasimorphisme médian est non banal. Grosso modo soit l’action est “très” transitive sur les géodésiques, soit elle fixe un point du bord, soit il existe une famille infinie de quasimorphismes médians non banals. En particulier, dans le dernier cas la cohomologie bornée du groupe en degré deux a dimension infinie comme espace vectoriel. Nous appliquons les résultats ci-dessus pour montrer que un réseau cocompact dans le groupe d’automorphismes d’un produit d’arbres n’a que des quasimorphismes banals si et seulement si les fermetures des projections sur chacun des deux facteurs sont localement \(\infty \)-transitives.

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We thank the referee for comments and suggestions that improved the exposition of the paper.

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Correspondence to Alessandra Iozzi.

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All authors were supported by Swiss National Science Foundation project 144373.

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Iozzi, A., Pagliantini, C. & Sisto, A. Characterising actions on trees yielding non-trivial quasimorphisms. Ann. Math. Québec 45, 185–202 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40316-020-00137-3

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