Abstract
Double-diffusive natural convection flow in a trapezoidal cavity with various aspect ratios in the presence of water-based nanofluid and applied magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the bottom and top parallel walls is investigated. The bottom and top parallel walls are considered to be insulated, whereas left and right walls are assumed to be uniformly heated and cold, respectively. The numerical computation is carried out to find the streamlines, isotherms, isoconcentrations, average Nusselt number, and average Sherwood number. This study is done for various values of Rayleigh number \((10^{5}\le Ra \le 10^{7})\), Hartmann number \((0\le Ha \le 120)\), various aspect ratios \((0.5\le A \le 2)\), the solid volume fraction \((0\le \varphi \le 0.1)\), and the inclination angle of cavity \((\phi )\). It is found that the strength of vortex decreases/increases as the magnetic field parameter/aspect ratio increases. It is also found that increase in the Rayleigh number causes natural convection due to the increase in the buoyancy forces. In nanofluid, mass transfer ratio is more effective than base fluid.
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Abbreviations
- x, y :
-
Distance along x and y coordinate, m
- X, Y :
-
Dimensionless distance along x and y coordinate
- u, v :
-
x and y component of velocity, m s\(^{-1}\)
- U, V :
-
x and y component of dimensionless velocity
- g :
-
Acceleration due to gravity, m s\(^{-2}\)
- \(T,~T_\mathrm{h}\), \(T_\mathrm{c}\) :
-
Temperature of fluid, hot and cold wall, K
- p :
-
Pressure, Pa
- P :
-
Dimensionless pressure
- L :
-
Length of the base of the trapezoidal cavity, m
- D :
-
Mass diffusivity, m\(^{2}\) s\(^{-1}\)
- \(C_\mathrm{p}\) :
-
Specific heat, J kg\(^{-1}\) K\(^{-1}\)
- k :
-
Thermal conductivity, W m\(^{-1}\) K\(^{-1}\)
- n :
-
Normal vector to the plane
- Nu, \(\overline{Nu}\) :
-
Local and average Nusselt number
- Pr :
-
Prandtl number
- Ra :
-
Rayleigh number
- \(B_{0}\) :
-
Magnetic field strength
- Ha :
-
Hartmann number
- Le :
-
Lewis number
- \(c_\mathrm{h}\), \(c_\mathrm{c}\) :
-
Concentration of hot and cold walls
- Sh, \(\overline{Sh}\) :
-
Local and average Sherwood number
- N :
-
Buoyancy ratio
- c :
-
Concentration
- C :
-
Dimensionless concentration
- \(\theta \) :
-
Dimensionless temperature
- \(\phi \) :
-
Inclination angle with positive direction of x axis
- \(\beta \) :
-
Volume expansion coefficient, K\(^{-1}\)
- \(\mu \) :
-
Dynamic viscosity, kg m\(^{-1}\) s\(^{-1}\)
- \(\nu \) :
-
Kinematic viscosity, m\(^{2}\) s\(^{-1}\)
- \(\psi \) :
-
Dimensionless stream function
- \(\rho \) :
-
Density, kg m\(^{-3}\)
- \(\sigma \) :
-
Electrical conductivity, kg\(^{-1}\) m\(^{-3}\) s\(^{3}\) A\(^{2}\)
- \(\alpha \) :
-
Thermal diffusivity, m\(^{2}\) s\(^{-1}\)
- \(\varphi \) :
-
Volume fraction of the nanoparticle
- \(\mathrm{p}\) :
-
Solid particles
- \(\mathrm{r}\) :
-
Right wall
- \(\mathrm{l}\) :
-
Left wall
- \(\mathrm{nf}\) :
-
Nanofluid
- \(\mathrm{f}\) :
-
Base fluid
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Acknowledgements
One of the authors, T. R. Mahapatra, is thankful to the University Grant Commission, New Delhi, India, for providing the financial support through SAP (DRS PHASE III) [Sanction letter no. F. 510/3/DRS-III/2015 (SAP)].
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Communicated by Corina Giurgea.
Appendix
Appendix
Here, h is the step length on a uniform rectangular mesh in the transformed domain.
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Mahapatra, T.R., Saha, B.C. & Pal, D. Magnetohydrodynamic double-diffusive natural convection for nanofluid within a trapezoidal enclosure. Comp. Appl. Math. 37, 6132–6151 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40314-018-0676-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40314-018-0676-5