Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of high levels of penetration of wind power generation in the problem of transient stability of power systems. The investigation takes into account the stability issues related to the disconnection of wind power plants due to violation of voltage limits defined by the low-voltage ride-through curve. Different levels of penetration are investigated, starting at 10.59% for wind power plants based on types 1, 2, 3 and 4 wind turbine generators, until 75.24% for those based on type 3. Simulation results show that the secure power system operation can be maintained in most of the situations, from the point of view of transient stability, for the crescent penetration of wind power plants.
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The authors would like to thank Professor Rodrigo Andrade Ramos for helpful discussions and the availability of the \(\hbox {PSS}^{\textregistered }\hbox {E}\) software. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) - Finance Code 001, in part by Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) under the Grant 308067/2017-7 and in part by the National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) project under the Grant 2014/50851-0 of São Paulo Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).
Appendix
Appendix
The power flow data of Fig. 5 can be found in Pai (1989). The dynamic data of the governor model can be found by means of the Luc Gérin-Lajoie report in Canizares et al. (2015). For the IEEEG1 model, the original parameter \(P_{\mathrm{max}}\) (9 pu) was modified to (11 pu) for all machines. The dynamic data of the synchronous generator, voltage regulator and power system stabilizer models can be found by means of the Ian Hiskens report in Canizares et al. (2015). For the unit G10, the original parameters \(T^\prime _{qo}\) (0 s) and \(x^\prime _{q}\) (0.008 pu) were modified. The first was modified to (0.1 s). Considering \(x^\prime _{q} > x^\prime _{d}\) for round rotor generators, the second was modified to (0.032 pu). The subtransient parameters \(T^{\prime \prime }_{do}\) (0.05 s), \(T^{\prime \prime }_{qo}\) (0.035 s) and \(x^{\prime \prime }_{d} = x^{\prime \prime }_{q}\) were considered for all machines and for all synchronous generators [G1 (0.004), G2 (0.05), G3 (0.045), G4 (0.035), G5 (0.089), G6 (0.04), G7 (0.044), G8 (0.045), G9 (0.045), G10 (0.025)] in per unit system.
Table 5 shows the data of equivalent collector system, transmission line, transformers and capacitors of Fig. 4. For each equivalent collector system, the following data were considered: feeders with \(R_{\mathrm{gh}}\) (0.0002 pu), \(X_{\mathrm{gh}}\) (0.0008 pu) and \(B_{\mathrm{gh}}\) (0.0003 pu), regarding the topology of Fig. 3 with 60 individual WTGs per each complete group. Resistance and reactance values are represented in per unit system in the 100 MVA base, whereas the susceptance values are represented in Mvar. All per unit values found in Siemens (2019) and ESIG (2019) are described in machine MVA base. For N lumped machines, this base was multiplied by N.
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Sohn, A.P., Salles, M.B.d.C. & Alberto, L.F.C. Transient Stability of Power Systems Under High Penetrations of Wind Power Generation. J Control Autom Electr Syst 30, 1116–1125 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-019-00527-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-019-00527-1