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Immuno-Oncolytic Viruses: Emerging Options in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer is the third most common neoplasm in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. A safer and more effective therapeutic intervention against this malignant carcinoma is called for given the limitations and toxicities associated with the currently available treatment modalities. Immuno-oncolytic or oncolytic virotherapy, the use of viruses to selectively or preferentially kill cancer cells, has emerged as a potential anticancer treatment modality. Oncolytic viruses act as double-edged swords against the tumors through the direct cytolysis of cancer cells and the induction of antitumor immunity. A number of such viruses have been tested against colorectal cancer, in both preclinical and clinical settings, and many have produced promising results. Oncolytic virotherapy has also shown synergistic antitumor efficacy in combination with conventional treatment regimens. In this review, we describe the status of this therapeutic approach against colorectal cancer at both preclinical and clinical levels. Successes with and the challenges of using oncolytic viruses, both as monotherapy and in combination therapy, are also highlighted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5410, USA

    Sadia Islam Kana & Karim Essani

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  1. Sadia Islam Kana
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  2. Karim Essani
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Correspondence to Karim Essani.

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Sadia Islam Kana and Karim Essani have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

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The articles surveyed to write this review were obtained from PUBMED by searching under the terms colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer biomarkers, current treatment modalities of colorectal cancer, and OV of colorectal cancer.

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Sadia Islam Kana is a graduate student in Dr. Karim Essani’s laboratory and wrote the review. Dr. Essani provided necessary guidance and editorial comments.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Professor Rob Eversole for his editorial comments.

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Kana, S.I., Essani, K. Immuno-Oncolytic Viruses: Emerging Options in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 25, 301–313 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-021-00517-7

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