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Biomarker Modelling of Early Molecular Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease

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Abstract

The preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) occurs years, possibly decades, before the onset of clinical symptoms. Being able to detect the very earliest stages of AD is critical to improving understanding of AD biology, and identifying individuals at greatest risk of developing clinical symptoms with a view to treating AD pathophysiology before irreversible neurodegeneration occurs. Studies of dominantly inherited AD families and longitudinal studies of sporadic AD have contributed to knowledge of the earliest AD biomarkers. Here we appraise this evidence before reviewing novel, particularly fluid, biomarkers that may provide insights into AD pathogenesis and relate these to existing hypothetical disease models.

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Acknowledgments and Disclosures

We wish to thank colleagues and patients and their families for generating the extensive literature that was reviewed here. We gratefully acknowledge the support of Iceland Foods Ltd., the Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neurology Centre and Alzheimer’s Research UK. This work was supported by the NIHR Queen Square Dementia BRU and the Swedish Research Council. The authors have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK

    Ross W. Paterson, Catherine F. Slattery & Jonathan M. Schott

  2. Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK

    Jamie Toombs & Henrik Zetterberg

  3. Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Henrik Zetterberg

  4. Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Henrik Zetterberg

  5. Dementia Research Group, Box 16, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK

    Ross W. Paterson

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Paterson, R.W., Toombs, J., Slattery, C.F. et al. Biomarker Modelling of Early Molecular Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Diagn Ther 18, 213–227 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-013-0069-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-013-0069-9

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