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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Key Targets of Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression and Vulnerability: Potential Impact of Physical Activity

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Abstract

Atherosclerosis, a complex cardiovascular disease, is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are both involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaque as they increase the biological processes associated with this pathology, such as endothelial dysfunction and macrophage recruitment and adhesion. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to major ischemic events is the result of vulnerable plaque progression, which is a result of the detrimental effect of oxidative stress and inflammation on risk factors for atherosclerotic plaque rupture, such as intraplaque hemorrhage, neovascularization, and fibrous cap thickness. Thus, both are key targets for primary and secondary interventions. It is well recognized that chronic physical activity attenuates oxidative stress in healthy subjects via the improvement of antioxidant enzyme capacities and inflammation via the enhancement of anti-inflammatory molecules. Moreover, it was recently shown that chronic physical activity could decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerotic patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis and the results of therapeutic interventions targeting them in both preclinical and clinical studies. The effects of chronic physical activity on these two key processes are then reviewed in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in both coronary and carotid arteries.

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Author notes

  1. Pauline Mury and Erica N. Chirico equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France

    Pauline Mury, Mathilde Mura & Vincent Pialoux

  2. Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France

    Pauline Mury, Mathilde Mura & Vincent Pialoux

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA

    Erica N. Chirico

  4. University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Bron, France

    Antoine Millon & Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas

  5. Department of Vascular Surgery, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France

    Antoine Millon

  6. Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France

    Vincent Pialoux

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  1. Pauline Mury
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PM, ENC, ECS, and VP participated in the design of the study; PM, ENC and MM participated in the literature survey; PM and ENC contributed to the analysis and wrote the manuscript; PM, ENC, MM, AM, ECS, and VP edited the manuscript.

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Pauline Mury, Erica N. Chirico, Mathilde Mura, Antoine Millon, Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas, and Vincent Pialoux have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

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Mury, P., Chirico, E.N., Mura, M. et al. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Key Targets of Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression and Vulnerability: Potential Impact of Physical Activity. Sports Med 48, 2725–2741 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0996-z

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