Skip to main content
Log in

Increasing Adherence with Topical Agents for Atopic Dermatitis

  • Therapy in Practice
  • Published:
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an intensely pruritic dermatosis that develops most commonly during early infancy and childhood and may follow a chronic, relapsing course into adulthood. As a chronic disease, AD requires treatment over an extended period of time, and is therefore difficult to treat. The main difficulty stems from poor adherence to treatment by patients for reasons such as frustration with medication efficacy, inconvenience, and fear of side effects. Methods that improve adherence include creating therapeutic plans with patient preferences in mind, early follow-up visit, increasing patient education through workshops, and discussing with patients and their caretakers their fears about treatment methods. AD can be exceedingly detrimental to a patient’s quality of life. Simple measures to improve adherence may improve patients’ treatment outcomes and quality of life.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Admani S, Eichenfield LF. Atopic dermatitis. In: Lebwohl M, et al., editors. Treatment skin disease. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Ltd; 2014. p. 52–60.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Brown SJ, Relton CL, Liao H, Zhao Y, Sandilands A, Wilson IJ, et al. Filaggrin null mutations and childhood atopic eczema: a population-based case-control study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121(–46):940–946.e3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Williams H, Stewart A, von Mutius E, Cookson W, Ross Anderson H, International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase One and Three Study Groups. Is eczema really on the increase worldwide? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121:947–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Margolis JS, Abuabara K, Bilker W, Hoffstad O, Margolis DJ. Persistence of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. JAMA Dermatol. 2014;150:593–600.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Boguniewicz M, Leung D. Atopic dermatitis. In: Adkinson F, et al., editors. Middleton’s allergy: principles and practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2014. p. 540–64.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kubota Y, Yoneda K, Nakai K, Katsuura J, Moriue T, Matsuoka Y, et al. Effect of sequential applications of topical tacrolimus and topical corticosteroids in the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis: an open-label pilot study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60:212–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bass AM, Anderson KL, Feldman SR. Interventions to increase treatment adherence in pediatric atopic dermatitis: a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2015;4:231–42.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Krejci-Manwaring J, Tusa MG, Carroll C, Camacho F, Kaur M, Carr D, et al. Stealth monitoring of adherence to topical medication: adherence is very poor in children with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56:211–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Chakrabarti S. What’s in a name? Compliance, adherence and concordance in chronic psychiatric disorders. World J Psychiatry. 2014;4:30–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Brown KK, Rehmus WE, Kimball AB. Determining the relative importance of patient motivations for nonadherence to topical corticosteroid therapy in psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55:607–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kelsay K, Klinnert M, Bender B. Addressing psychosocial aspects of atopic dermatitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2010;30:385–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Richards HL, Fortune DG, O’Sullivan TM, Main CJ, Griffiths CEM. Patients with psoriasis and their compliance with medication. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;41(4):581–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. World Health Organization. Adherence to long term therapies: evidence for action. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hix E, Gustafson CJ, O’Neill JL, Huang K, Sandoval LF, Harrison J, et al. Adherence to a five day treatment course of topical fluocinonide 0.1% cream in atopic dermatitis. Dermatol Online J. 2013;19:20029.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Carroll CL, Feldman SR, Camacho FT, Manuel JC, Balkrishnan R. Adherence to topical therapy decreases during the course of an 8-week psoriasis clinical trial: commonly used methods of measuring adherence to topical therapy overestimate actual use. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51:212–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Storm A, Andersen SE, Benfeldt E, Serup J. One in 3 prescriptions are never redeemed: primary nonadherence in an outpatient clinic. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:27–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Yentzer BA, Camacho FT, Young T, Fountain JM, Clark AR, Feldman SR. Good adherence and early efficacy using desonide hydrogel for atopic dermatitis: results from a program addressing patient compliance. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9:324–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ellis RM, Koch LH, McGuire E, Williams JV. Potential barriers to adherence in pediatric dermatology. Pediatr Dermatol. 2011;28:242–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Charman CR, Morris AD, Williams HC. Topical corticosteroid phobia in patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142:931–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Fischer G. Compliance problems in paediatric atopic eczema. Australas J Dermatol. 1996;37(Suppl 1):S10–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Surber C, Itin PH, Bircher AJ, Maibach HI. Topical corticosteroids. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995;32:1025–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. David TJ. Steroid scare. Arch Dis Child. 1987;62:876–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Hon K-LE, Kam W-YC, Leung T-F, Lam M-CA, Wong K-Y, Lee K-CK, et al. Steroid fears in children with eczema. Acta Paediatr. 2006;95:1451–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Lee JY, Her Y, Kim CW, Kim SS. Topical corticosteroid phobia among parents of children with atopic eczema in Korea. Ann Dermatol. 2015;27:499–506.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Aubert-Wastiaux H, Moret L, Le Rhun A, Fontenoy AM, Nguyen JM, Leux C, et al. Topical corticosteroid phobia in atopic dermatitis: a study of its nature, origins and frequency. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165:808–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Beattie PE, Lewis-Jones MS. Parental knowledge of topical therapies in the treatment of childhood atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003;28:549–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Halling-Overgaard A-S, Kezic S, Jakasa I, Engebretsen KA, Maibach H, Thyssen JP. Skin absorption through atopic dermatitis skin: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2016. doi:10.1111/bjd.15065.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Santer M, Muller I, Yardley L, Lewis-Jones S, Ersser S, Little P. Parents’ and carers’ views about emollients for childhood eczema: qualitative interview study. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e011887.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Cork MJ, Britton J, Butler L, Young S, Murphy R, Keohane SG. Comparison of parent knowledge, therapy utilization and severity of atopic eczema before and after explanation and demonstration of topical therapies by a specialist dermatology nurse. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149:582–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Siegfried EC, Jaworski JC, Kaiser JD, Hebert AA. Systematic review of published trials: long-term safety of topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis. BMC Pediatr. 2016;16:75.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Sagransky MJ, Yentzer BA, Williams LL, Clark AR, Taylor SL, Feldman SR. A randomized controlled pilot study of the effects of an extra office visit on adherence and outcomes in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146:1428–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Berger TG, Krol A, Paller AS, Schwarzenberger K, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 2. Management and treatment of atopic dermatitis with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71:116–32.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Dabade TS, Davis DMR, Wetter DA, Hand JL, McEvoy MT, Pittelkow MR, et al. Wet dressing therapy in conjunction with topical corticosteroids is effective for rapid control of severe pediatric atopic dermatitis: experience with 218 patients over 30 years at Mayo Clinic. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67:100–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Chong M, Fonacier L. Treatment of eczema: corticosteroids and beyond. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2016;51:249–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Andersen R, Thyssen J, Maibach H. The role of wet wrap therapy in skin disorders: a literature review. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014;95:933–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Oranje A, Devillers A, Kunz B, Jones S, DeRaeve L, Van Gysel D, et al. Treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis using wet-wrap dressings with diluted steroids and/or emollients. An expert panel’s opinion and review of the literature. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006;20:1277–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Rork JF, Sheehan WJ, Gaffin JM, Timmons KG, Sidbury R, Schneider LC, et al. Parental response to written eczema action plans in children with eczema. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148:391–2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Staab D, von Rueden U, Kehrt R, Erhart M, Wenninger K, Kamtsiuris P, et al. Evaluation of a parental training program for the management of childhood atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2002;13:84–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Moore EJ, Williams A, Manias E, Varigos G, Donath S. Eczema workshops reduce severity of childhood atopic eczema. Australas J Dermatol. 2009;50:100–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Grillo M, Gassner L, Marshman G, Dunn S, Hudson P. Pediatric atopic eczema: the impact of an educational intervention. Pediatr Dermatol. 2006;23:428–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Shaw M, Morrell DS, Goldsmith LA. A study of targeted enhanced patient care for pediatric atopic dermatitis (STEP PAD). Pediatr Dermatol. 2008;25:19–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Chinn DJ, Poyner T, Sibley G. Randomized controlled trial of a single dermatology nurse consultation in primary care on the quality of life of children with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146:432–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Lee IA, Maibach HI. Pharmionics in dermatology: a review of topical medication adherence. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2006;7:231–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ersser SJ, Cowdell F, Latter S, Gardiner E, Flohr C, Thompson AR, Jackson K, Farasat H, Ware F, Drury A. Psychological and educational interventions for atopic eczema in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(1):CD004054. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004054.pub3.

  45. Long CC, Funnell CM, Collard R, Finlay AV. What do members of the National Eczema Society really want? Clin Exp Dermatol. 1993;18:516–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Broberg A, Kalimo K, Lindblad B, Swanbeck G. Parental education in the treatment of childhood atopic eczema. Acta Derm Venereol. 1990;70:495–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Feldman SR, Camacho FT, Krejci-Manwaring J, Carroll CL, Balkrishnan R. Adherence to topical therapy increases around the time of office visits. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57:81–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Feldman SR. The parable of the piano teacher. Dermatologist. 2007;15(8).

  49. van Os-Medendorp H, Koffijberg H, Eland-de Kok PCM, van der Zalm A, de Bruin-Weller MS, Pasmans SGMA, et al. E-health in caring for patients with atopic dermatitis: a randomized controlled cost-effectiveness study of internet-guided monitoring and online self-management training. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166:1060–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Evangelista MTP, Abad-Casintahan F, Lopez-Villafuerte L. The effect of topical virgin coconut oil on SCORAD index, transepidermal water loss, and skin capacitance in mild to moderate pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53:100–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Canpolat F, Erkoçoğlu M, Tezer H, Kocabaş CN, Kandi B. Hydrocortisone acetate alone or combined with mupirocin for atopic dermatitis in infants under two years of age: a randomized double blind pilot trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16:1989–93.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Eisen D, Ellis CN, Duell EA, Griffiths CE, Voorhees JJ. Effect of topical cyclosporine rinse on oral lichen planus. A double-blind analysis. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:290–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Happonen HP, Lassus A, Santalahti J, Forsström S, Lassus J. Topical idoxuridine for treatment of genital warts in males. A double-blind comparative study of 0.25% and 0.5% cream. Genitourin Med. 1990;66:254–6.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Feldman SR. Tachyphylaxis to topical corticosteroids: the more you use them, the less they work? Clin Dermatol. 2006;24:229–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Van Der Meer JB, Glazenburg EJ, Mulder PG, Eggink HF, Coenraads PJ. The management of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults with topical fluticasone propionate. The Netherlands Adult Atopic Dermatitis Study Group. Br J Dermatol. 1999;140:1114–21.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Kojima R, Fujiwara T, Matsuda A, Narita M, Matsubara O, Nonoyama S, et al. Factors associated with steroid phobia in caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013;30:29–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Ohya Y, Williams H, Steptoe A, Saito H, Iikura Y, Anderson R, et al. Psychosocial factors and adherence to treatment advice in childhood atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2001;117:852–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Fenerty SD, O’Neill JL, Gustafson CJ, Feldman SR. Maternal adherence factors in the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149:229–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Santer M, Burgess H, Yardley L, Ersser SJ, Lewis-Jones S, Muller I, et al. Managing childhood eczema: qualitative study exploring carers’ experiences of barriers and facilitators to treatment adherence. J Adv Nurs. 2013;69:2493–501.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Carroll CL, Balkrishnan R, Feldman SR, Fleischer AB, Manuel JC. The burden of atopic dermatitis: impact on the patient, family, and society. Pediatr Dermatol. 2005;22:192–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steven R. Feldman.

Ethics declarations

Funding

The Center for Dermatology Research is supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Galderma Laboratories, L.P.

Conflict of interest

Dr. Feldman is a speaker for Janssen and Taro, is a consultant and speaker for Galderma, Stiefel/GlaxoSmithKline, Abbott Laboratories, and Leo Pharma Inc., and has received grants from Galderma, Janssen, Abbott Laboratories, Amgen, Stiefel/GlaxoSmithKline, Celgene and Anacor. He is a consultant for Amgen, Baxter, Caremark, Gerson Lehrman Group, Guidepoint Global, Hanall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Kikaku, Lilly, Merck & Co Inc., Merz Pharmaceuticals, Mylan, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer Inc, Qurient, Regeneron, Sanofi, Suncare Research, and Xenoport, and is on an advisory board for Pfizer Inc. Dr. Feldman is the founder of, and holds stock in, Causa Research, and also holds stock and is majority owner in Medical Quality Enhancement Corporation. He receives royalties from UpToDate and Xlibris. Nupur Patel and Veronica D’Ambra have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Patel, N.U., D’Ambra, V. & Feldman, S.R. Increasing Adherence with Topical Agents for Atopic Dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol 18, 323–332 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-017-0261-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-017-0261-5

Keywords

Navigation