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Alopecia Areata: An Evidence-Based Treatment Update

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Abstract

Background

There is no cure for alopecia areata, nor is there any universally proven therapy that induces and sustains remission. Treatment choices are frequently based on disease duration, extent, and activity as well as the age of the patient.

Objective

Our objective was to review all randomized controlled studies on the treatment of alopecia areata.

Methods

We performed a search in the biomedical literature database PubMed, and used the terms ‘alopecia areata treatment’ and article type ‘randomized controlled trials’.

Results

Following this algorithm, we reviewed, analyzed, and reported on 29 trials that examined the efficacy of anthralin, antidepressants, biologics, calcineurin inhibitors, corticosteroids (topical and systemic), minoxidil, prostaglandin analogs, sensitizers, and a miscellaneous group of topical and oral drugs with less scientific evidence (aromatherapy, photodynamic therapy, azelaic acid, garlic gel, bexarotene, triiodothyronine, inosiplex, and total glucosides of paeony).

Conclusion

Using the American College of Physicians Guideline grading system, our assessment is that the majority of published randomized controlled studies of alopecia areata are only of moderate quality. A number of treatments were found to be effective, for example, topical and oral corticosteroids and the sensitizing agents diphenylcyclopropenone and dinitrochlorobenzene; however, most studies had major limitations that hinder the interpretation of these results.

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Acknowledgments

No sources of funding were used to prepare this review.

Maria Hordinsky, MD, and Aline Donati, MD have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. MMC 98, Minneapolis, 55455, USA

    Maria Hordinsky

  2. Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255 (3o. andar), São Paulo, Brazil

    Aline Donati

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Correspondence to Maria Hordinsky.

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Hordinsky, M., Donati, A. Alopecia Areata: An Evidence-Based Treatment Update. Am J Clin Dermatol 15, 231–246 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-014-0086-4

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