Abstract
Purpose
It is almost a common practice in Bangladesh to indiscriminately discharge effluent into the nearby wetlands, crop fields and water bodies. So, contamination occurs from water to food chain through soil and field crops. This study therefore assesses the impact of industrial effluent on water, soil and rice production taking Turag river bank as a case study, which located in the most thickly industrialized area of Bangladesh.
Methods
The descriptive and diagnostic research design was used in the present study. Eighty farmers were selected as respondents using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The data were collected using an interview schedule. Impact of industrial effluent contamination was measured based on the extent of change that occurred in soil and water quality, level of insect infestation and, quantity and quality of rice before and after the establishment of industries. Similarly, water samples were collected to examine water quality parameters. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percent, mean and standard deviation were used to describe and interpret the data, while paired t-test was used to test significant difference.
Results
The results revealed that the quality of water and soil, and quality and quantity of rice have differed significantly after the establishment of industries. Surface water was mostly affected (t-value 90.25). Almost all of the respondents (97.5%) stated that there was high insect infestation after the establishment of industries which negatively affects rice production. The water quality parameters test revealed that temperature, total dissolved salts, pH and salinity were within the acceptable limits, while electrical conductivity and heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Ni) were above the acceptable limits. The majority of respondents (77.6%) had favourable to highly favourable perception on the negative impact of industrial effluent contamination on rice production. The major problems faced due to the industrial effluent contamination were pollution, low fertility, increase attack of insect, dermal diseases and low yield.
Conclusions
The establishment of industries has quiet negatively altered soil, water and rice production as buttressed by the evidence based viewpoints of the respondents. Proper treatment of industrial effluent and implementation of environmental act would certainly help overcome the problem.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ministry of Finance (MoF). Bangladesh economic survey. Finance Division (FD), Ministry of finance, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2015 p. 65–69.
Institute for Environment and Development Studies (IEDS). Aquatic ecology and dangerous substances: Bangladesh perspectives. Diffuse Pollution Conference, Dublin, Ireland. 2003 p. 8–65.
Eruola AO, Ufoegbune CG, Awomeso JA, Adeofun CO, Idowu OA. An assessment of the effect of industrial pollution on Ibese river, Lagos, Nigeria. African J Env Sci Tech. 2011;5(8):608–15. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST09.176.
Hossain MA, Uddin MK, Molla AH, Afrad MSI, Rahman MM, Rahman GKMM. Impact of industrial effluents discharges on degradation of natural resources and threat to food security. The Agriculturists. 2010;8(2):80–7. https://doi.org/10.3329/agric.v8i2.7581.
SEHD (Society for Environment and Human Development). Bangladesh environment: facing 21st century, first ed. Society for Environment and Human Development Publications, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1998 p. 23.
Zafar Ullah AN. Report on assessment of health hazards from industrial pollution in Kaliakoir, Bangladesh. Nuffield Institute of Health, University of Leeds, United Kingdom. 2004 p. 13.
Rasul MG, Faisal I, Khan MMK. Environmental pollution generated from process industries in Bangladesh. Int J Env Poll. 2006;28(1/2):144–61. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2006.010881.
Saifullah SM, Kabir MH, Khatun A, Roy S, Sheikh MS. Investigation of some water quality parameters of the Buriganga River. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources. 2012;5(2):47–52. https://doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14600.
Kabir MR. Social impact assessment of water pollution: a case study on Bangshi River, Savar. MA dissertation, Institute of Governance Studies, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2014.
Ahaduzzaman SP, Anjum A, Khan EA. Overview of major industries in Bangladesh. J Chem Eng. 2017;30(1):51–8. https://doi.org/10.3329/jce.v30i1.34798.
Alam MGM, Allinson G, Stagnatti F, Tanaka A, Westbrooke M. Arsenic contamination in Bangladesh ground water: a major environmental and soil disaster. Int J Env Health Res. 2002;12(3):236–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960312021000000998.
Chowdhury NS, Clemett AEV. Industrial pollution and its threat to Mokesh beel wetland in Kaliakoir, Bangladesh. MACH Technical Report, Dhaka. 2006.
Afrin KS. Farmers’ responses regarding impact of industrial wastes on soil, water and crop production. MS Thesis, Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur. 2011.
Sahare D. Long term impact of industrial effluents on agricultural soil. Rec Res Sci Tech. 2014;6(1):253–7.
GoB (Government of Bangladesh). Environmental Conservation Rules-1997, Gazette Notification, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of Peoples’ Republic of Bangladesh. 1997 p. 133–139.
Bhaumik U, Das P, Paria T. Impact of plankton structure on primary production in two beels of west, India. Bangladesh J Fish Res. 2006;10(1):1–11.
Uddin MN, Alam MS, Mobin MN, Miah MA. An assessment of the river water quality parameters: a case of Jamuna river. J. Env. Sci. Nat. Res. 2014;7(1):249–56. https://doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i1.22179.
Mobin MN, Islam MS, Mia MY, Bakali B. Analysis of physicochemical properties of the Turag River water, Tongi, Gazipur in Bangladesh. J Env Sci Nat Res. 2015;7(1):27–33. https://doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i1.22140.
Islam JB, Sarkar M, Akmal R, Ahmed KS. Quantitative assessment of toxicity in the Shitalakkhya river. Bangladesh Egypt J Aquac. 2015;41(1):25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2015.02.002.
Sheikh AH. Comparative assessment of water quality and aquatic biodiversity of polluted and non-polluted wetlands by industrial effluent in Gazipur district, MS Thesis. Department of Environmental Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur. 2015.
Salam SMA, Mollah MA, Tasnuva A, Zaman MR. Physicochemical evaluation of ground and surface water of Mohanpur Upazila of Rajshahi District. J. Env. Sci. Nat. Res. 2012;5(2):275–80. https://doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14830.
World Health Organisation (WHO). Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 2nd ed. Vol. 2 Palais Des Nations, World Health Organization, Geneva. 1996.
Meade JW. Aquaculture Management. Springer, USA. 1989 p. 122–125.
MoEF (Ministry of Environment and Forest). Environmental quality standard. Government of the Peoples’ Republic of Bangladesh. Ministry of Environment and Forest, Department of Environment, Gazette, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1997 p. 55–59.
Avvannavar SM, Shrihari S. Evaluation of water quality index for drinking purposes for river Netravathi, Mangalore, South India. Env Monit Ass. 2008;143(1–3):279–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9977-7.
Bastida F, Torres IF, Romero-Trigueros C, Baldrian P, Větrovský T, Bayona JM, et al. Combined effects of reduced irrigation and water quality on the soil microbial community of a citrus orchard under semi-arid conditions. Soil Biol Biochem. 2017;104:226–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.10.024.
George DS, Anthony KK, Santhirasegaram V, Saruan NM, Kaur H, Razali Z, et al. Effects of two different water sources used for irrigation on the soil geochemical properties and the quality of the Lohan guava (Psidium guajava L Lohan). Water Sci Tech. 2017;75:2465–74. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.080.
Mok H, Dassanayake KB, Hepworth G, Hamilton AJ. Field comparison and crop production modeling of sweet corn and silage maize (Zea mays L.) with treated urban wastewater and freshwater. Irrig. Sci. 2017;32(5):351–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-014-0434-4.
Mojid MA, Wyseureb GCL, Biswas SK, Hossain ABMZ. Farmers’ perception and knowledge in using wastewater for irrigation at twelve peri-urban areas and two sugar mill areas in Bangladesh. Agric Water Manag. 2010;98:79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.07.015.
Akhtar S, Ahmad S, Huifang W, Shahbaz A, Ghafoor A, Imran S, et al. An analysis of wastewater irrigation practices and its impacts on the livelihood generation and food chain contamination in Faisalabad District Pakistan. ISABB J Health Env Sci. 2018;5(4):33–42. https://doi.org/10.5897/ISAAB-JHE2018.0045.
Khai HV, Yabe M. Rice yield loss due to industrial water pollution in Vietnam. J US-China Public Admin. 2012;9(3):248–56.
Hoque A, Mohiuddin M, Su Z. Effects of industrial operations on socio-environmental and public health degradation: evidence from a least developing country (LDC). Sustainability. 2018;10:3948. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113948.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
All the standards approved by the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Agricultural University have been complied with as observed by the Faculty of Graduate studies.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Consent by the participants
All participant farmers have consented to this research as there was initial request for such prior to its conduct. Similarly, the entire data gathering process was anonymised.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Afrad, M.S.I., Monir, M.B., Haque, M.E. et al. Impact of industrial effluent on water, soil and Rice production in Bangladesh: a case of Turag River Bank. J Environ Health Sci Engineer 18, 825–834 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00506-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00506-8