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Comparison of diclofenac with apigenin-glycosides rich Clinacanthus nutans extract for amending inflammation and catabolic protease regulations in osteoporotic-osteoarthritis rat model

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Abstract

Background

Osteoporotic-osteoarthritis is an incapacitating musculoskeletal illness of the aged.

Objectives

The anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic actions of Diclofenac were compared with apigenin-C-glycosides rich Clinacanthus nutans (CN) leaf extract in osteoporotic-osteoarthritis rats.

Methods

Female Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into five groups (n = 6). Four groups were bilateral ovariectomised for osteoporosis development, and osteoarthritis were induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the right knee joints. The Sham group was sham-operated, received saline injection and deionized drinking water. The treatment groups were orally given 200 or 400 mg extract/kg body weight or 5 mg diclofenac /kg body weight daily for 28 days. Articular cartilage and bone changes were monitored by gross and histological structures, micro-CT analysis, serum protein biomarkers, and mRNA expressions for inflammation and catabolic protease genes.

Results

HPLC analysis confirmed that apigenin-C-glycosides (shaftoside, vitexin, and isovitexin) were the major compounds in the extract. The extract significantly and dose-dependently reduced cartilage erosion, bone loss, cartilage catabolic changes, serum osteoporotic-osteoarthritis biomarkers (procollagen-type-II-N-terminal-propeptide PIINP; procollagen-type-I-N-terminal-propeptide PINP; osteocalcin), inflammation (IL-1β) and mRNA expressions for nuclear-factor-kappa-beta NF-κβ, interleukin-1-beta IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2; and matrix-metalloproteinase-13 MMP13 activities, in osteoporotic-osteoarthritis rats comparable to Diclofenac.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that apigenin-C-glycosides at 400 mg CN extract/kg (about 0.2 mg apigenin-equivalent/kg) is comparable to diclofenac in suppressing inflammation and catabolic proteases for osteoporotic-osteoarthritis prevention.

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Acknowledgements

Authors would wholeheartedly thank Comparative Medicine and Technology (CoMeT) Unit, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia for helping with surgical and injection procedure in animal studies.

Funding

This work was supported by the Herbal Development Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia (Grant no. NH1014D052).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UPM-MAKNA Laboratory of Cancer Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Nur Adeelah Che Ahmad Tantowi & Suhaila Mohamed

  2. Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancashire, UK

    Nur Adeelah Che Ahmad Tantowi

  3. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia

    Seng Fong Lau

  4. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia

    Paisal Hussin

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  1. Nur Adeelah Che Ahmad Tantowi
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Tantowi, N.A.C.A., Mohamed, S., Lau, S.F. et al. Comparison of diclofenac with apigenin-glycosides rich Clinacanthus nutans extract for amending inflammation and catabolic protease regulations in osteoporotic-osteoarthritis rat model. DARU J Pharm Sci 28, 443–453 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40199-020-00343-y

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