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Comparison of Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S): a Review of Low Energy Availability, Multidisciplinary Awareness, Screening Tools and Education

  • Sports Medicine Rehabilitation (B Liem and BJ Krabak, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 12 November 2020

This article has been updated

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This paper aims to review low energy availability (low EA), compare the Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) screening tools and eating disorder/disordered eating questionnaires, and discuss multidisciplinary awareness, education, and treatment strategies. It provides an overview on the current state of the Triad and RED-S and assists clinicians with an overview of options for screening tools for their practice.

Recent Findings

Triad Consensus Panel Screening Questions, Preparticipation Physical Exam (PPE), and Periodic Health Exam (PHE) share overlapping questions from the Triad Consensus Panel Screening Questions. The Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) is used in complement with eating disorder/disordered eating questionnaires (Table 2).

Summary

It is important to screen athletes for low EA during the PPE. If concerned for low EA, referral to healthcare professional and registered dietician is warranted. Education for athletes, coaches, and multidisciplinary providers is needed to increase awareness of low EA.

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Change history

  • 12 November 2020

    A Correction to this paper has been published: <ExternalRef><RefSource>https://doi.org/10.1007/s40141-020-00303-2</RefSource><RefTarget Address="10.1007/s40141-020-00303-2" TargetType="DOI"/></ExternalRef>

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  1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 3301 C Street, Suite1600, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA

    Alexandra Warrick, Marcia Faustin & Brandee Waite

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The original online version of this article was revised: The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the Title. “Relative Energy Deficiency in Syndrome (RED-S)” should be presented as “Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)”.

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Warrick, A., Faustin, M. & Waite, B. Comparison of Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S): a Review of Low Energy Availability, Multidisciplinary Awareness, Screening Tools and Education. Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep 8, 373–384 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40141-020-00296-y

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