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Observation of Static Load of L-Shaped Retaining Wall Constructed on Short Wooden Pile Using Fiber Optic Geogrid BOTDR Method

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Abstract

The scope of the study was aimed to observe the long-term static load of the L-shaped retaining walls incorporated with fiber optic geogrid using Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry method at the interval of 55 mm installed with short wooden pile of small diameter. The application of wooden pile in soft ground using the bottom panel system structure of the foundation has been discussed based on the published construction manual referred to the waterway box culvert and pre-cast L-shaped retaining walls to reduce the load on the short wooden pile head using geogrid. The actual vehicle dump truck was used to measure loads passing through the retaining wall after 160 days of construction. The results showed that the load acting on the pile increases with time and approached the allowable bearing capacity of 28.9 kN/pile group. The straining immediate after the construction was detected to be decreased after four months due to stress relaxation on the geogrid. The strain under static live load under a rear wheel of the dump truck to a virtual rear portion of L-shaped retaining wall and at the central portion of the bottom panel width of L-shaped retaining wall yielded the tensile straining in the periphery. It is found that the straining on geogrid is relatively small to be able for bearing the load of the dump truck to some extent.

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Abbreviations

c:

Cohesion/adhesion factor

ε:

Strain

γt :

Wet unit weight

ϕ:

Internal friction angle

φ:

Diameter

qc :

Adhesive force

σh :

Lateral earth pressure

σv :

Effective vertical stress

BOTDR:

Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry

d:

Distance

F:

Pile head reaction force in kN

K:

Coefficient of lateral earth pressure

N:

Measuring number

T:

Number of days

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Acknowledgement

The research team expresses sincere gratitude to Saga Prefectural Government and Okamoto Construction Co. Ltd for providing the site and construction respectively. In addition, we are highly thankful to the Wood Utilization Research Association for their continuous support for the development of the research outcomes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Lowland and Marine Research, Saga University, Saga, Japan

    Suman Manandhar & Takenori Hino

  2. Kyushu Kohzoh Sekkei Co. Ltd., Shingo Honmachi, Saga, Japan

    Kazuyuki Miyazoe

  3. Asahi Techno Consultants Co. Ltd., Yamato Cho Oaza Umeno, Saga, Japan

    Satoshi Fukuoka

  4. Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Luang, Thailand

    Dennes T. Bergado

  5. Professor Emeritus, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga-shi, 840-8502, Saga, Japan

    Tatsuya Koumoto

Authors
  1. Suman Manandhar
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  2. Kazuyuki Miyazoe
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  3. Satoshi Fukuoka
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  4. Takenori Hino
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  5. Dennes T. Bergado
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  6. Tatsuya Koumoto
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Correspondence to Suman Manandhar.

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Manandhar, S., Miyazoe, K., Fukuoka, S. et al. Observation of Static Load of L-Shaped Retaining Wall Constructed on Short Wooden Pile Using Fiber Optic Geogrid BOTDR Method. Indian Geotech J 46, 398–407 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-016-0182-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-016-0182-x

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