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Novel Mg@ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by facile one-step combustion route for anti-microbial, cytotoxicity and photocatalysis applications

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Abstract

Nanoscale materials are of a foremost desirability in functionalized materials research in almost all areas of science. Nanoscale materials with good biocompatibility and chemical stability possess biomedical usages which comprises drug carrier, cell/DNA parting, wastewater cleaning etc. Hence, magnesium-doped ZnO (Mg@ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by combustion route. Crystallization of Mg@ZnO NPs was investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The particle sizes were in the range of 50–130 nm and 17.5–52.5 nm for x = 1 wt% and 4 wt% in MgxZn1-xO samples, respectively. The Zn2+ substitution by Mg2+ in ZnO increased oxygen vacancies and reduced free electrons concentration. The concentrations of dopant dependent optical band gaps were calculated using diffuse reflectance and found in the range of 3.258–3.278 eV. Antibacterial study of Mg@ZnO NPs was conducted against the Gram- + ve and Gram – ve bacteria and results revealed enrichment in antibacterial activity of Mg@ZnO NPs against all types of bacteria. In vivo test revealed that all Mg@ZnO NPs have no cytotoxic effects on liver and kidneys. Furthermore, photocatalytic activity was performed towards hazardous methylene green dye degradation under UV light irradiation. The presence of Mg in ZnO lattice remarkably improved its photocatalytic performance and the photocatalytic activity of Mg@ZnO ranged from 1.8 to 5.4 times higher than the activity of neat ZnO under the same reaction conditions.

Graphic abstract

Facile synthesis of Mg@ZnO NPs was achieved successfully through flash combustion process and the prepared NPs were exploited for optical, biological and environmental applications. Enhancement of antibacterial, cytotoxicity and photocatalysis activity was observed in ZnO with Mg content doping. The outcomes present the Mg@ZnO NPs as an efficient material for opto-bio-environmental applications.

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Acknowledgements

Authors express their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through research groups program under grant number R.G.P 2/87/41.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Group (CRG), College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed S. Hamdy, Badria M. Al-Shehri & Khadijah S. Al-Namshah

  2. Department of Physics, Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, 400703, India

    Kamlesh V. Chandekar

  3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Advanced Functional Materials and Optoelectronics Laboratory (AFMOL), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Mohd. Shkir & S. AlFaify

  4. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Essam H. Ibrahim

  5. Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Essam H. Ibrahim, Zubair Ahmad & Mona Kilany

  6. Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo, Egypt

    Essam H. Ibrahim

  7. Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Zubair Ahmad

  8. Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Dhahran Al Janoub, Saudi Arabia

    Zubair Ahmad

  9. Department of Microbiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, 12611, Egypt

    Mona Kilany

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  1. Mohamed S. Hamdy
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  3. Mohd. Shkir
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  4. S. AlFaify
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  8. Badria M. Al-Shehri
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  9. Khadijah S. Al-Namshah
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Contributions

MSH performed and written the photocatalysis section, KVC written the article, MS designed this whole research and make the measurements and discussion, SA perform measurement and scientific editing, EHI, ZA, MK performed biological studies, BMA, KSA performed photocatalytic studies and help in writing. All authors reviewed the manuscript carefully.

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Correspondence to Mohd. Shkir or S. AlFaify.

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Hamdy, M.S., Chandekar, K.V., Shkir, M. et al. Novel Mg@ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by facile one-step combustion route for anti-microbial, cytotoxicity and photocatalysis applications. J Nanostruct Chem 11, 147–163 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-020-00355-9

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