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Nano-zinc oxide synthesized using diazotrophic Azospirillum improves the growth of mung bean, Vigna radiata

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Abstract

Nanofertilizers have gained more interest in the agricultural sector for enhancing the crop production. In addition, bionanofertilizers are eco-friendly when compared to the chemical fertilizers. Two diazotrophic Azospirillum strains were isolated and characterized from soil samples in the present study. Then, Azospirillum-capped ZnO NPs (As-ZnO NPs) was green synthesized and characterized by bio-physical techniques. UV–Vis spectrum exhibited an absorbance peak at 386 nm. The presence of diffraction peak in XRD indicates the pure crystalline form of As-ZnO NPs. The various functional molecules involved in the bioreduction of Zn+ to ZnO were noticed through FTIR spectroscopy. SEM micrograph confirmed the presence of spherical nanostructures with a mean size of 20.6 nm. A significant increase in the seed germination rate (95%) and leaf area index (LAI) (45.6%) was observed in strain 2-mediated ZnO NPs at 30 days after treatment (DAT). Similarly, following treatment with strain 2-mediated ZnO NPs (T4), the number of roots, root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight were 8.4, 9.6 cm, 21.4 cm, 2.05 g, and 0.915 g, respectively. Treatment with strain 2-mediated ZnO NPs (T4), the chlorophyll A, B and AB, and carotenoid contents were 4.445, 10.36 and 10.98, and 11.08 mg g−1, respectively. The results showed that As-ZnO NPs were potential nanofertilizer and could be used in agriculture for sustainable food production. In addition, the developed nanofertilizers are eco-friendly and do not harm the environment when compared to chemical fertilizers.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Professor and Head, Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram for his support to perform this research. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram for their support in SEM analysis.

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  1. Natarajan Manivannan and Shanker Aswathy are the first authors and have contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, 624 302, India

    Natarajan Manivannan, Shanker Aswathy, Balasubramanian Malaikozhundan & Thangavelu Boopathi

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  1. Natarajan Manivannan
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  2. Shanker Aswathy
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  3. Balasubramanian Malaikozhundan
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Contributions

NM: conceptualization, design, methodology, and writing original draft, SA: investigation, methodology, data curation, and formal analysis, BM: writing—review and editing, statistics, TB: methodology, software, review and editing. All the authors approved the final version of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Balasubramanian Malaikozhundan.

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Manivannan, N., Aswathy, S., Malaikozhundan, B. et al. Nano-zinc oxide synthesized using diazotrophic Azospirillum improves the growth of mung bean, Vigna radiata. Int Nano Lett 11, 405–415 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-021-00351-z

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