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Nano-structured phases of gallium oxide (GaOOH, α-Ga2O3, β-Ga2O3, γ-Ga2O3, δ-Ga2O3, and ε-Ga2O3): fabrication, structural, and electronic structure investigations

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Abstract

Regardless of much curiosity in the synthesis and diversifying properties of the polymorphs of gallium oxide, they are still unrevealed due to their nanoscale size and structural disorders. In this study, convincing methods have been applied to achieve various phases of gallium oxide (i.e., GaOOH, α-Ga2O3, β-Ga2O3, γ-Ga2O3, δ-Ga2O3, and ε-Ga2O3). X-ray diffraction (XRD) along with Rietveld refinement has been employed to investigate the structural parameters of barely reported phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal the impact of the protocols of chemical synthesis on the morphology/size of the polymorphs of gallium oxide. Mechanistic discussion on the formation of nano-rod morphology in some of the phases (GaOOH and α-Ga2O3) and nano-particle morphology in other (β-Ga2O3, γ-Ga2O3, δ-Ga2O3 and ε-Ga2O3) phases is also provided by considering the experimental parameters. The existence of Ga3+ ions and their local hybridization with the oxygen is investigated using the X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at Ga K-edge and conveyed the phase dependence on the hybridization of frontier orbitals.

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Acknowledgements

Aditya Sharma is thankful to the Vice-Chancellor and dean of research, Manav Rachna University Faridabad, for providing financial assistance and constant encouragement/support. He is also thankful to Dr. Jitendra Pal Singh (PAL, Pohang, South Korea) for helping in the collection and analysis of XAS data. This work is also partly supported by the Basic Science Research Program (NRF-2015R1A5A1009962) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korea government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Manav Rachna University, Faridabad, Haryana, 121004, India

    Aditya Sharma, Himani Saraswat, Surekha Chaudhary & Jai Parkash

  2. Department of Applied Physics, School of Vocational and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201312, India

    Mayora Varshney

  3. Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea

    Hyun-Joon Shin

  4. Advanced Analysis Centre, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea

    Keun-Hwa Chae & Sung-Ok Won

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  1. Aditya Sharma
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Sharma, A., Varshney, M., Saraswat, H. et al. Nano-structured phases of gallium oxide (GaOOH, α-Ga2O3, β-Ga2O3, γ-Ga2O3, δ-Ga2O3, and ε-Ga2O3): fabrication, structural, and electronic structure investigations. Int Nano Lett 10, 71–79 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-020-00295-w

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