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A Differential Signal-Based Fault Classification Scheme Using PCA for Long Transmission Lines

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Abstract

Transmission line fault classification is one of the most studied themes of power system analysis and research. This is of utmost importance to isolate the faulted phase for avoiding undue drainage of bulk power during fault. This paper presents a simple and effective method for classification of power system faults in a transmission line using a multivariate statistical method like Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Half-cycle post-fault sending end fault transient current signals are used as the working data for the work, which are normalized, scaled, filtered and finally differentiated. Differentiation of the fault currents is a key method used here in order to highlight particularly the post-fault transient oscillations compared to the original fault transients. These increased oscillations of the modified signals are analyzed using PCA, which extracts fault features in terms of Principal Component scores, which, in turn, are remodeled to develop Principal Component Indices (PCIs). These PCI values as obtained from the analysis of differentiated signals are found higher compared to un-modulated signals in most of the cases; thus yielding more prominent features to distinguish different fault classes, as well as fault and no-fault conditions. The algorithm is tested by varying fault locations at an interval of 10 km. Besides, the proposed scheme is made more practical by incorporating power system noise, as well as varying fault inception angle at intervals of 45°, finally to yield an overall classifier accuracy of 99.41%. This, in turn, validates the robustness of the proposed model.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology, Kolkata, 700010, India

    Alok Mukherjee

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Palash Kumar Kundu & Arabinda Das

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  1. Alok Mukherjee
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  2. Palash Kumar Kundu
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  3. Arabinda Das
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Correspondence to Arabinda Das.

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Mukherjee, A., Kundu, P.K. & Das, A. A Differential Signal-Based Fault Classification Scheme Using PCA for Long Transmission Lines. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. B 102, 403–414 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40031-020-00529-7

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