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Differential Response of Plant and Soil Processes Under Climate Change: A Mini-review on Recent Understandings

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Abstract

Climate change is now the single gravest threat in the current century. Its impact is being intensely felt by the countries which largely depend on agriculture, and India being recognized among the worst-hit countries of the world. In this review, both the climatic and biological effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature on plant and soil, representing the most important constituents of the agricultural ecosystem have been discussed. Rising CO2 promotes photosynthetic carbon assimilation and adversely affects the photorespiratory activity with alteration in stomatal behaviour. Higher level of atmospheric CO2 is likely to affect C3 and C4 plants differentially. Atmospheric CO2 enrichment enhances the growth rate of all plant species but enhancement is much significant in C3 plants. The C4 plant system represents an evolutionary adaptation to low CO2 environment with lower CO2 compensation point. On the contrary, rise in temperature beyond a critical limit would result in retardation of growth, physiological development and suppression of metabolic activities. The C4 plants, being adapted to warmer environment may show less harmful effects than C3 plants. Thus, a differential benefits to both types of plants may balance the overall effect of climate change as far as the plant processes are concerned. Soil processes simultaneously may have direct changes in soil carbon content, nutrient cycling and microbial diversity which will cumulatively have obvious impact on soil quality with several indirect ones like soil water balance and salinity, etc. Both plant and soil processes are interrelated, and under impending climate change how these components respond is extremely important to understand and develop strategies and technologies for mitigation and adaptation, and to minimize the impact on total agriculture of India.

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  1. Directorate of Groundnut Research, P.B. No. 5, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India

    K. Chakraborty & D. Bhaduri

  2. Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    D. C. Uprety

  3. Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    A. K. Patra

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Chakraborty, K., Bhaduri, D., Uprety, D.C. et al. Differential Response of Plant and Soil Processes Under Climate Change: A Mini-review on Recent Understandings. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 84, 201–214 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-013-0221-7

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