Abstract
Usage of sea sand for concrete development is the possible alternative for river sand and avoids the excessive sand mining which may cause ecological and environmental problems. Sea sand is not used in concrete, since it contains chloride ions which can corrode steel. In order to avoid the corrosion, the salt content of the sea sand must be eliminated before being utilized in concrete. Present paper investigates adopting sea sand as fine aggregate in concrete. The physical properties like specific gravity, percentage of fineness and solubility were carried out in raw sea sand and treated sea sand. The results of the study reveal that the chloride level of treated sea sand is below the acceptable level of 0.075 % weight of sand. The chemical properties of sea sand were also studied by chloride ion estimation.
References
Tau V, Thuan B (2006) Research sea sand concrete. Dissertation, University of Transport, Le Van Bach
Hong DH (2003) Countermeasures of reinforced concrete with sea sand in coastal areas. Concrete 160:17–28
Tumidajski PJ, Chan GW (1996) Boltzmann-Matano analysis of chloride diffusion into blended cement concrete. J Mater Civ Eng 8:195–200
Amey SL, Johnson DA, Miltenberger MA, Farzam H (1998) Predicting the service life of concrete marine structures: an environmental methodology. ACI Struct J 95:2
Mangat PS, Molloy BT (1994) Prediction of long term chloride concentration in concrete. Mater Struct 27:338–346
Liu TK, Sheu HY, Tseng CN (2013) Environmental impact assessment of seawater desalination plant under the framework of integrated coastal management. Desalination 326:10–18
Boyd SE, Limpenny DS, Rees HL, Cooper KM (2005) The effects of marine sand and gravel extraction on the macrobenthos at a commercial dredging site (results 6 years post-dredging). ICES J Mar Sci J Cons 62:145–162
Cui Y, Liu J, Liang J (2011) Study of performance and microstructure of sea sand on ripe pile concrete. In: Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC), IEEE International Conference, pp 4527–4530
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karthikeyan, M., Nagarajan, V. Chloride Analysis of Sea Sand for Making Concrete. Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett. 40, 29–31 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-016-0493-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-016-0493-6