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Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor and toll like receptor-2 polymorphisms in tuberculous meningitis: a case–control study

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Abstract

Introduction

Vitamin D levels and genetic factors, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Toll like receptor- 2 (TLR-2) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), determine susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. We aimed to evaluate vitamin D deficiency, VDR and TLR-2 gene SNPs in tuberculous meningitis (TBM).

Methods

This case–control study included 130 subjects each in three arms (TBM, pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy control). This study was performed in a large tertiary care institution of North India. Subjects were enrolled from August 2013 to July 2015. Vitamin D levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay. SNPs in VDR and TLR-2 gene were assessed using polymerase chain reaction-sequencing method. TBM patients were followed for 6 months.

Results

Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more common in TBM compared to controls and pulmonary tuberculosis (TBM versus controls p < 0.001; TBM versus pulmonary tuberculosis p < 0.001). The heterozygous (TC) and mutant (CC) genotypes of Taq1 VDR SNP were significantly associated with TBM as compared to controls [TC; p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 3.53 (1.95–6.40); CC; p = 0.002 OR = 5.97 (1.89–18.84)]. The heterozygous genotypes were significantly associated with TBM as compared with pulmonary tuberculosis [p = 0.001; OR = 2.53(1.43–4.45)]. Heterozygous (TG) and mutants (GG) forms of Apa1 VDR SNPs were significantly associated with TBM compared to controls [TG; p = 0.001, OR = 2.86 (1.58–5.17), GG; p = 0.002, OR = 5.11 (1.80–14.54)] and pulmonary tuberculosis. There was no significant difference in the frequency of TLR-2 SNPs. No association was found between outcome of TBM and vitamin D deficiency, VDR or TLR-2 SNPs.

Conclusion

Vitamin D deficiency and VDR polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility of TBM.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the financial support given by the Council of Science and Technology Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India to conduct this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India

    Imran Rizvi, Ravindra Kumar Garg, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Neeraj Kumar, Rajesh Verma & Praveen Kumar Sharma

  2. Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Amita Jain, Arvind Kumar Singh & Shantanu Prakash

  3. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rajeev Garg

  4. Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Abbas Ali Mahdi

Authors
  1. Imran Rizvi
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  2. Ravindra Kumar Garg
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  4. Hardeep Singh Malhotra
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  11. Praveen Kumar Sharma
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ravindra Kumar Garg.

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Rizvi, I., Garg, R.K., Jain, A. et al. Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor and toll like receptor-2 polymorphisms in tuberculous meningitis: a case–control study. Infection 44, 633–640 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-016-0907-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-016-0907-x

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