Abstract
Turmeric, the main spice in curry, contains curcuminoids, which have been closely linked to the prevention of various chronic diseases. However, the daily intake of curcuminoids from curry consumption remains unclear. This study optimized an analytical method for quantifying individual curcuminoids and then applied it to 50 commercial curry samples available in the retail market. The curcuminoids namely curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, which provide the yellow color present in turmeric, were analyzed, and a daily curcuminoid intake from a curry-based diet was estimated. Prior to data collection, the analytical method, incorporating high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector, was validated for linearity, limit of detection (0.03–0.04 mg/kg), limit of quantification (0.10–0.14 mg/kg), and precision and accuracy (less than a relative standard deviation of 1.25 %). Total curcuminoid content in the curry products tested varied greatly depending on the product type, ranging from 24.59 to 161.02 mg/100 g (mean 75.92 mg/100 g) for powdered curry and from 1.04 to 10.78 mg/100 g (mean 4.12 mg/100 g) for retorted curry (precooked curry packaged in a retorted pouch). The daily intake of total curcuminoids from curry products, estimated from the data in this study and available domestic consumption data, was 0.339 mg/person/day for males and 0.299 mg/person/day for females. The distribution of total curcuminoids varied greatly by product owing to variation in the turmeric contents used by curry manufacturers in individual products. The results reveal the wide variation in the curcuminoid contents of commercial curry products and provide information on daily curcuminoid intake.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aggarwal BB, Kumar A, Bharti AC (2003) Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res 23:363–398
Anand P, Thomas SG, Kunnumakkara AB, Sundaram C, Harikumar KB, Sung B, Tharakan ST, Misra K, Priyadarsini IK, Rajasekharan KN, Aggarwal BB (2008) Biological activities of curcumin and its analogues (congeners) made by man and mother nature. Biochem Pharmacol 76:1590–1611
Bos R, Windono T, Woerdenbag HJ, Boersma YL, Koulman A, Kayser O (2007) HPLC-photodiode array detection analysis of curcuminoids in curcuma species indigenous to indonesia. Phytochem Anal 18:118–122
Commandeur JNM, Vermeulen NPE (1996) Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective natural compounds: the case of curcumin. Xenobiotica 26:667–680
EFSA (2010) Panel on Food additives and nutrient sources added to food (ANS); scientific opinion on the reevaluation of curcumin (E 100) as a food additive. EFSA J 8:1679
Ganguli M, Chandra V, Kamboh MI, Johnston JM, Dodge HH, Thelma BK, Juyal RC, Pandav R, Belle SH, DeKosky ST (2000) Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and alzheimer disease: the indo-US cross-national dementia study. Arch Neurol 57:824–830
Inoue K, Nomura C, Nagatsu A, Hino T, Oka H (2008) Purification of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 56:9328–9336
Jayaprakasha GK, Jaganmohan Rao L, Sakariah KK (2005) Chemistry and biological activities of C. longa. Trends Food Sci Technol 16:533–548
Jiang H, Timmermann BN, Gang DR (2006) Use of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to identify diarylheptanoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizome. J Chromatogr A 1111:21–31
Johnson JJ, Mukhtar H (2007) Curcumin for chemoprevention of colon cancer. Cancer Lett 255:170–181
Kang DI (2010) A food distribution yearbook. Food Journal Press, Cheonan
KNHNE IV (2009) The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea
Korean customs service (2012) Korea trade statistics import/export by commodity Available. http://www.customs.go.kr. Accessed June 28 2012
Krishnaswamy K (1996) Indian functional foods: role in prevention of cancer. Nutr Rev 54:S127–S131
Kumar GVV, Khan MA, Begum H (2000) Influence of mineral nutrient composition of turmeric rhizome on curcumin content of different cultivars. Int. J. Trop. Agric 18:265–269
Kunnumakkara AB, Aanand P, Aggarwal BB (2008) Curcumin inhibits proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis of different cancers through interaction with multiple cell signaling proteins. Cancer Lett 269:199–225
Lechtenberg M, Quandt B, Nahrstedt A (2004) Quantitative determination of curcuminoids in Curcuma rhizomes and rapid differentiation of Curcuma domestica Val. and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. by capillary electrophoresis. Phytochem Anal 15:152–158
Lee JS, Surh YJ (2005) Nrf2 as a novel molecular target for chemoprevention. Cancer Lett 224:171–184
Lim GP, Chu T, Yang FS, Beech W, Frautschy SA, Cole GM (2001) The curry spice curcumin reduces oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse. J Neurosci 21:8370–8377
Liu YL, Yang HP, Zhou XD, Gong L, Tang CL, Wang HJ (2011) The hypomethylation agent bisdemethoxycurcumin acts on the WIF-1 promoter, inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway and induces apoptosis in human non-small-cell lung cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 11:1098–1110
Maheshwari RK, Singh AK, Gaddipati J, Srimal RC (2006) Multiple biological activities of curcumin: a short review. Life Sci 78:2081–2087
Method ASTA (1985) Official analytical methods of the American spice trade association, 3rd edn. American Spice Trade Association, Englewood Cliffs
Ng TP, Chiam PC, Lee T, Chua HC, Lim L, Kua EH (2006) Curry consumption and cognitive function in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol 164:898–906
Ni X, Zhang A, Zhao Z, Shen Y, Wang S (2012) Demethoxycurcumin inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 28:85–90
Paramasivam M, Poi R, Banerjee H (2009) Bandyopadhyay, A. High-performance thin layer chromatographic method for quantitative determination of curcuminoids in Curcuma longa germplasm. Food Chem 113:640–644
Péret-Almeida L, Cherubino APF, Alves RJ, Dufosse´ L, Glória MBA (2005) Separation and determination of physicochemical characteristics of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Food Res. Int 38:1039–1044
Ringman JM, Frautschy SA, Cole GM, Masterman DL, Cummings JL (2005) A potential role of the curry spice curcumin in Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2:131–136
Sasikumar B (2005) Genetic resources of Curcuma: diversity, characterization and utilization. Plant Genet Resour 3:230–251
Shah BH, Nawaz Z, Pertani SA, Roomi A, Mahmood H, Saeed SA, Gilani AH (1999) Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2 + signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 58:1167–1172
Surh YJ (2002) Anti-tumor promoting potential of selected spice ingredients with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities: a short review. Food Chem Toxicol 40:1091–1097
Surh YJ (2003) Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals. Nat Rev Cancer 3:768–780
Tayyem RF, Heath DD, Al-Delaimy WK, Rock CL (2006) Curcumin content of turmeric and curry powder. Nutr Cancer 55:126–131
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services guidelines (2001) Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), Bioanalytical Method Validation
Verger P, Chambolle M, Babayou P, Le Breton S, Volatier JL (1998) Estimation of the distribution of the maximum theoretical intake for ten additives in France. Food Addit Contam 15:759–766
Zhang L, Wu C, Zhao S, Yuan D, Lian G, Wang X, Wang L, Yang J (2010) Demethoxycurcumin, a natural derivative of curcumin attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses through down-regulation of intracellular ROS-related MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling pathways in N9 microglia induced by lipopolysaccharide. Int Immunopharmacol 10:331–338
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, YJ., Lee, H.J. & Shin, Y. Estimation of daily curcuminoid intake from commercial curry products. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 58, 677–684 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-015-0090-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-015-0090-2