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Use of low-cost biopolymers and biopolymeric composite systems for heavy metal removal from water

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Abstract

The quality and quantity of freshwater resources are declining because of the pressures associated with human population increase. Heavy metals are among the most persistent and non-biodegradable pollutants associated with industrial discharges, mining activities and agricultural activities. However, a practical and affordable solution to the efficacious removal of heavy metals from wastewater prior to discharge into aquatic environments has yet to be implemented. Therefore, intensive research continues to address the sustainable use of materials from agricultural or industrial by-products in wastewater treatment. This review summarizes the properties of low-cost biopolymeric composite systems (including chitosan and hemicellulose) for the removal of heavy metals from aquatic systems. The materials presented in this review come from agricultural or industrial by-products which provide a twofold benefit of not only providing a means of treating water but also an effective method of utilization of these by-products which otherwise form an additional waste-stream.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been made possible by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (Pak-HEC) which provided funding (Grant No. PD/OS-II/Batch-VII/Final/2017) to support Ph.D. studies at the University of Waikato, New Zealand. ZZ is grateful to the Pak-HEC for the provision of a doctoral scholarship to facilitate these studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, 3240, New Zealand

    Z. Zia & M. R. Mucalo

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan

    Z. Zia

  3. Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, 3240, New Zealand

    A. Hartland

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  1. Z. Zia
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  2. A. Hartland
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  3. M. R. Mucalo
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Correspondence to M. R. Mucalo.

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Zia, Z., Hartland, A. & Mucalo, M.R. Use of low-cost biopolymers and biopolymeric composite systems for heavy metal removal from water. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 17, 4389–4406 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02764-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02764-3

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