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Antioxidants and chromium reductases by Penibacillus species enhance the growth of soybean under chromium stress

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Abstract

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is used in various industries, but its improper and uncontrolled discharge contaminates the environment. In order to circumvent chromium toxicity, several physicochemical and biological strategies have been employed. Among biological approach, microbes convert toxic Cr(VI) to less soluble Cr(III) form and hence can be used to detoxify/remove Cr(VI) from contaminated environment. Considering these, present study was designed to assess the effect of chromium reductases and antioxidants secreted by Penibacillus species to detoxify Cr(VI) and concurrently to augment soybean growth. Bacterial strains (MAI1 and MAI2) were identified as Penibacillus sp. using 16S rRNA gene. Penibacillus species reduced Cr(VI) significantly at pH 7. Maximum Cr(VI) was reduced at 50 and 100 µg/ml of Cr(VI) concentrations. Penibacillus sp. also reduced Cr(VI) significantly at 25 and 35 °C as well as 1 g sodium alginate in 1 g polyvinyl alcohol. Bacterial strains reduced Cr(VI) into Cr(III) which were detected as 33 ± 1 and 35 ± 1 µg/ml in supernatant and 67 ± 2.5 and 65 ± 1 µg/ml in cell debris, respectively, after 120 h. Chromium reductase found in cell-free extract reduced almost all Cr(VI) compared to those observed in cell debris. Both malondialdehyde and antioxidant levels were increased with gradual increase in Cr(VI) concentration. Penibacillus species inoculated soybean plants had better growth and photosynthetic pigments under Cr(VI) stress.

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Acknowledgements

I am specially thankful to Professor Mohammad Saghir Khan Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India for his tremendous efforts to correct this paper for English and scientific language.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

    P. A. Wani, O. O. Sunday, A. M. Kehinde & L. A. Oluwaseyi

  2. Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

    I. A. Wasiu

  3. Maya Agrotech Pvt. Limited, Lucknow, UP, India

    S. Wahid

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  1. P. A. Wani
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  2. O. O. Sunday
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  3. A. M. Kehinde
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  5. I. A. Wasiu
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Correspondence to P. A. Wani.

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Editorial responsibility: Josef Trögl.

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Wani, P.A., Sunday, O.O., Kehinde, A.M. et al. Antioxidants and chromium reductases by Penibacillus species enhance the growth of soybean under chromium stress. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 15, 1531–1542 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-017-1533-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-017-1533-6

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