Abstract
Zinc oxide and gold–zinc oxide (Au–ZnO) nanostructures with multiple rods (multipods) morphology were successfully prepared. Au–ZnO nanostructures were synthesized via a simple precipitation route method in the presence of oligoaniline-coated gold nanoparticles. The Au–ZnO catalyst obtained was applied for the degradation of methyl orange in an aqueous solution under UV irradiation. Effects of the operational parameters such as the solution pH, amount of photocatalyst, and dye concentration on the photocatalytic degradation and decolorization of methyl orange were studied. Detailed studies including kinetic study and regeneration of catalyst were carried out on the optimal conditions for the photodegradation of methyl orange by Au–ZnO multipods in aqueous solution. Effect of foreign species on the photodegradation of methyl orange was also studied. An enhancement of the photocatalytic activities for photodegradation of methyl orange was observed when the gold nanoparticles were loaded on the zinc oxide multipods. The proposed catalyst was applied for the degradation of methyl orange in synthetic wastewater samples with satisfactory results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akyol A, Yatmaz HC, Bayramoglu M (2004) Photocatalytic decolorization of Remazol Red RR in aqueous ZnO suspensions. Appl Catal B 54(1):19–24. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.05.021
Cheng B, Samulski ET (2004) Hydrothermal synthesis of one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures with different aspect ratios. Chem Commun 8:986–987. doi:10.1039/B316435G
Daneshvar N, Salari D, Khataee AR (2004) Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water on ZnO as an alternative catalyst to TiO2. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 162(2–3):317–322. doi:10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00378-2
Divya N, Bansal A, Jana A (2013) Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye Orange II in aqueous solutions using copper-impregnated titania. Int J Environ Sci Technol 10:1265–1274. doi:10.1007/s13762-013-0238-8
Goto H, Hanada Y, Ohno T, Matsumura M (2004) Quantitative analysis of superoxide ion and hydrogen peroxide produced from molecular oxygen on photoirradiated TiO2 particles. J Catal 225(1):223–229. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2004.04.001
Hammami S, Bellakhal N, Oturan N, Oturan MA, Dachraoui M (2008) Degradation of Acid Orange 7 by electrochemically generated & ·OH radicals in acidic aqueous medium using a boron-doped diamond or platinum anode: a mechanistic study. Chemosphere 73(5):678–684. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.010
Hazrati N, Abdouss M, Vahid A (2014) Removal of H2S from crude oil via stripping followed by adsorption using ZnO/MCM-41 and optimization of parameters. Int J Environ Sci Technol 11:997–1006. doi:10.1007/s13762-013-0465-z
He JH, Lao CS, Chen LJ, Davidovic D, Wang ZL (2005) Large-scale Ni-doped ZnO nanowire arrays and electrical and optical properties. J Am Chem Soc 127(47):16376–16377. doi:10.1021/ja0559193
Height MJ, Pratsinis SE, Mekasuwandumrong O, Praserthdam P (2006) Ag–ZnO catalysts for UV-photodegradation of methylene blue. Appl Catal B 63(3–4):305–312. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.10.018
Joshi RK, Hu Q, Alvi F, Joshi N, Kumar A (2009) Au decorated zinc oxide nanowires for CO sensing. J Phys Chem C 113(36):16199–16202. doi:10.1021/jp906458b
Kaur S, Singh V (2007) TiO2 mediated photocatalytic degradation studies of Reactive Red 198 by UV irradiation. J Hazard Mater 141(1):230–236. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.123
Kavitha R, Meghani S, Jayaram V (2007) Synthesis of titania films by combustion flame spray pyrolysis technique and its characterization for photocatalysis. J Mater Sci Eng B 139(2–3):134–140. doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2007.01.040
Krishnan D, Pradeep T (2009) Precursor-controlled synthesis of hierarchical ZnO nanostructures, using oligoaniline-coated Au nanoparticle seeds. J Cryst Growth 311(15):3889–3897. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.06.019
Li D, Haneda H (2003) Morphologies of zinc oxide particles and their effects on photocatalysis. Chemosphere 51(2):129–137. doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00787-7
Li FB, Li XZ (2002) The enhancement of photodegradation efficiency using Pt–TiO2 catalyst. Chemosphere 48(10):1103–1111. doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00201-1
Lin H-F, Liao S-C, Hung S-W (2005) The dc thermal plasma synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for visible-light photocatalyst. J Photochem Photobiol, A 174(1):82–87. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.02.015
Liqiang J, Dejun W, Baiqi W, Shudan L, Baifu X, Honggang F, Jiazhong S (2006) Effects of noble metal modification on surface oxygen composition, charge separation and photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles. J Mol Catal A: Chem 244(1–2):193–200. doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2005.09.020
Liu J, Huang X, Li Y, Duan J, Ai H (2006) Large-scale synthesis of flower-like ZnO structures by a surfactant-free and low-temperature process. Mater Chem Phys 98(2–3):523–527. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.09.075
Melgoza D, Hernandez-Ramirez A, Peralta-Hernandez JM (2009) Comparative efficiencies of the decolourisation of Methylene Blue using Fenton’s and photo-Fenton’s reactions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 8(5):596–599. doi:10.1039/B817287K
Pawinrat P, Mekasuwandumrong O, Panpranot J (2009) Synthesis of Au–ZnO and Pt–ZnO nanocomposites by one-step flame spray pyrolysis and its application for photocatalytic degradation of dyes. Catal Commun 10(10):1380–1385. doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2009.03.002
Pirkanniemi K, Sillanpää M (2002) Heterogeneous water phase catalysis as an environmental application: a review. Chemosphere 48(10):1047–1060. doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00168-6
Robinson T, McMullan G, Marchant R, Nigam P (2001) Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: a critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative. Bioresour Technol 77(3):247–255. doi:10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00080-8
Sajanlal PR, Sreeprasad TS, Nair AS, Pradeep T (2008) Wires, plates, flowers, needles, and core-shells: diverse nanostructures of gold using polyaniline templates. Langmuir 24(9):4607–4614. doi:10.1021/la703593c
Sedlak A, Janusz W (2008) Specific adsorption of carbonate ions at the zinc oxide/electrolyte solution interface. Physicochem Probl Miner Process 42(1):57–66
Subramanian V, Wolf EE, Kamat PV (2003) Green emission to probe photoinduced charging events in ZnO − Au nanoparticles: charge distribution and fermi-level equilibration†. J Phys Chem B 107(30):7479–7485. doi:10.1021/jp0275037
Sun J, Wang X, Sun J, Sun R, Sun S, Qiao L (2006) Photocatalytic degradation and kinetics of Orange G using nano-sized Sn(IV)/TiO2/AC photocatalyst. J Mol Catal A: Chem 260(1–2):241–246. doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2006.07.033
Sun J-H, Dong S-Y, Wang Y-K, Sun S-P (2009) Preparation and photocatalytic property of a novel dumbbell-shaped ZnO microcrystal photocatalyst. J Hazard Mater 172(2–3):1520–1526. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.022
Sun L, Zhao D, Song Z, Shan C, Zhang Z, Li B, Shen D (2011) Gold nanoparticles modified ZnO nanorods with improved photocatalytic activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 363(1):175–181. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2011.07.005
Szabó-Bárdos E, Czili H, Horváth A (2003) Photocatalytic oxidation of oxalic acid enhanced by silver deposition on a TiO2 surface. J Photochem Photobiol, A 154(2–3):195–201. doi:10.1016/s1010-6030(02)00330-1
Tao J, Chen X, Sun Y, Shen Y, Dai N (2008) Controllable preparation of ZnO hollow microspheres by self-assembled block copolymer. Colloids Surf A 330(1):67–71. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.07.035
Wang Z, X-f Qian, Yin J, Z-k Zhu (2004) Large-scale fabrication of tower-like, flower-like, and tube-like ZnO arrays by a simple chemical solution route. Langmuir 20(8):3441–3448. doi:10.1021/la036098n
Wang N, Sun C, Zhao Y, Zhou S, Chen P, Jiang L (2008) Fabrication of three-dimensional ZnO/TiO2 heteroarchitectures via a solution process. J Mater Chem 18(33):3909–3911
Wu J-J, Tseng C-H (2006) Photocatalytic properties of nc-Au/ZnO nanorod composites. Appl Catal B 66(1–2):51–57. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.02.013
Xie J, Li Y, Zhao W, Bian L, Wei Y (2011) Simple fabrication and photocatalytic activity of ZnO particles with different morphologies. Powder Technol 207(1–3):140–144. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2010.10.019
Zheng Y, Yu X, Xu X, Jin D, Yue L (2010) Preparation of ZnO particle with novel nut-like morphology by ultrasonic pretreatment and its luminescence property. Ultrason Sonochem 17(1):7–10. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.06.010
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the Research Council of Shahrood University of Technology for the support of this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arab Chamjangali, M., Bagherian, G., Bahramian, B. et al. Synthesis and application of multiple rods gold–zinc oxide nanostructures in the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 12, 151–160 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0669-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0669-x