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Improvement of cadmium ion electrochemical removal from dilute aqueous solutions by application of multi-stage electrolysis

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Abstract

Improvement of cadmium ion electrochemical removal from dilute aqueous solutions in a spouted bed reactor was investigated. Enlargement of cathode surface area from 1,000 to 1,500 cm2 resulted in a decrease of nearly 30 % in both of the process time and the specific energy consumption. Application of a three-stage electrolysis process for a solution containing initial concentration of 270 ppm cadmium ion, resulted in the removal of 99.9 % cadmium ion in 135 min with the specific energy consumption of 2.29 kWh/kg, 23 % less than the value of a single-stage process. For a solution with cadmium ion initial concentration of 180 ppm, 99.9 % of cadmium ion was removed in 135.5 min by application of a two-stage electrolysis process, while the specific energy consumption was 2.82 kWh/kg, 30 % less than that of a single-stage process. For a solution with cadmium ion initial concentration of 90 ppm, 99.5 % of cadmium ion was removed in 100.2 min with the specific energy consumption of 3.78 kWh/kg in a single-stage electrolysis process.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Esfahan Regional Electric Company (EREC) for the financial assistance of 5,000$.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran

    E. Baghban, A. Mehrabani-Zeinabad & A. Moheb

Authors
  1. E. Baghban
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  2. A. Mehrabani-Zeinabad
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  3. A. Moheb
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Mehrabani-Zeinabad.

List of symbols

A

Area of electrode (m2)

C

Reactant concentration in the bulk solution (mol/m3)

C s

Reactant concentration on electrode surface (mol/m3)

C cr

Critical reactant concentration (mol/m3)

CE

Current efficiency or current yield (%)

E cell

Cell voltage (V)

F

Faraday constant (C/g equiv)

i

Electrical current (A)

i lim

Limiting current (A)

ICE

Instantaneous current efficiency (%)

k c

Correction factor (–)

k m

Mass transfer coefficient (m/min)

\( k_{\text{m}}^{{\prime }} \)

Corrected mass transfer coefficient (m/min)

k r

Reaction rate constant (m/min)

m

Moles of deposited metals (moles)

M

Molecular mass (kg/moles)

n

Number of electrons (–)

q

Total amount of charges passed (C)

SEC

Specific energy consumption (kWh/kg)

t

Time (min)

t cr

Critical time (min)

t t

Transient time (min)

T

Total time (min)

V

Electrolyte volume (m3)

X

Conversion percent (%)

X cr

Critical conversion percent (%)

α

The ratio of applied to initial limiting current (–)

ν

Stoichiometric coefficient (–)

τ

The time of specified conversion (min)

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Baghban, E., Mehrabani-Zeinabad, A. & Moheb, A. Improvement of cadmium ion electrochemical removal from dilute aqueous solutions by application of multi-stage electrolysis. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11, 1591–1600 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0579-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0579-y

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