Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Brownlowia tersa (L.) Kosterm. The anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract was studied using carrageenan and histamine-induced rat paw edema test at different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight). DPPH free radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, reducing power, Fe++ ion chelating ability and total phenolic content were used for determining antioxidant activities. The extract, at the dose of 400 mg/kg, showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity (P < 0.01) both in the carrageenan and histamine-induced edema test models in rats showing 54.76 % and 56.96 % reduction in the paw volume comparable to that produced by the standard drug indomethacin (64.88 % and 67.09 %) at 4 h respectively. In DPPH free radical scavenging test, IC50 value for ethanolic extract was found fairly significant 39.33 μg/ml when compared to the IC50 value of the reference standards ascorbic acid and Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) (3.16 and 5.81 μg/ml) respectively. The IC50 values of the extract and ascorbic acid were 99.06 and 39.35 μg/ml, respectively in nitric oxide scavenging assay. The maximum absorbance for reducing power assay was found to be 1.276 at 100 μg/ml when compared to 2.821 and 1.231 for standard ascorbic acid and BHA respectively. The IC50 value of the extract as percentage of Fe++ ion chelating ability was also found significant compared to that of EDTA. The total phenolic content was 211.82 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent. Acute toxicity test showed that the plant might be safe for pharmacological uses up to a dose level of 3,200 mg/kg of body weight in rats. Therefore, the obtained results suggest the acute anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Brownlowia tersa leaves and thus provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant part as a remedy for pain and inflammations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aliev G, Palacios HH, Lipsitt AE, Fischbach K, Lamb BT, Obrenovich ME, Morales L, Gasimov E, Bragin V (2009) Nitric Oxide as an initiator of brain lesions during the development of Alzheimer disease. Neurotox Res 16:293–305
Atoui AK, Mansouri A, Boskou G, Kefalas P (2005) Tea and herbal infusions: their antioxidant activity and phenolic profile. Food Chem 89:27–36
Chang ST, Wu JH, Wang SY, Kang PL, Yang NS, Shyur LF (2001) Antioxidant activity of extracts from Acacia confusa bark and heartwood. J Agric Food Chem 49:3420–3424
Cuman RKN, Bersani-Amadio CA, Fortes ZB (2001) Influence of type 2 diabetes on the inflammatory response in rat. Inflammation Res 50:460–465
Dehpour AA, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM (2009) Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Ferula assafoetida and its essential oil composition. Grasas Aceites 60(4):405–412
Dhara AK, Suba V, Sen T, Pal S, Chaudhuri AKN (2000) Preliminary studies on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the methanol fraction of the root extract of Tragia involucrata Linn. J Ethnopharmacol 72:265–268
Dinis TC, Madeira VM, Almeida LM (1994) Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-amino salicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Arch Biochem Biophys 315(1):161–169
Duh PD, Tu YY, Yen GC (1999) Antioxidant activty of water extract of harng Jyur (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat). Lebens Wiss U Technol 32:269–277
Evans WC (1989) Trease and Evan’s Pharmacognosy, 3rd edn. University Press, Cambridge, pp 546–547
Govindarajan R, Rastogi S, Vijayakumar M, Shirwaikar A, Rawat AKS, Mehrotra S, Palpu P (2003) Studies on the antioxidant activities of Desmodium gangeticum. Biol Pharm Bull 26:1424–1427
Gutteridge JMC (1993) Free radicals in disease processes: A compilation of cause and consequence. Free Radic Res Comm 19:141–1583
Halliwell B, Cross CE, Gutteridge JMC (1992) Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: Where are we now? J Lab Clin Med 119:598–620
Hemayet H, Moniruzzaman S, Ishrat N, Hassan K, Akbor H, Amirul I, Jahan IA (2011) Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou bark. Orient Pharm Exp Med 11:215–220
Hettiarachchi DS, Locher C, Longmore RB (2009) Antibacterial compounds from the root of the indigenous Australian medicinal plants. Nat Prod Res 15:1–8
Hilaly JE, Israili ZH, Lyoussi B (2004) Acute and chronic toxicological studies of Ajuga iva in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol 91:43–30
Kulisic T, Radonic A, Katalinic V, Milos M (2004) Use of different methods for testing antioxidative activity of oregano essential oil. Food Chem 85:633–640
Lanhers MC, Fleurentin J, Dorfman P, Motrier F, Pelt JM (1991) Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of Euphorbia hirta. Planta Medica 57:225–231
Miliauskas G, Venskutonis PR, Beek TA (2004) Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chem 85:231–237
Moncada A, Palmer RMJ, Higgs EA (1991) Nitric oxide: Physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43:109–142
Pan MH, Lai CS, Ho CT (2010) Anti-inflammatory activity of natural dietary flavonoids. Food Funct 1:15–31
Perianayagam JB, Sharma SK, Pillai KK (2006) Anti-inflammatory activity of Trichodesma indicum leaves extract in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol 104:410–414
Sariful IH, Jamil AS, Shubhra KD, Arpona H, Ferdoushi J, Hemayet H (2012) Antinociceptive and antidiarrhoeal properties of the ethanolic extract of Brownlowia tersa leaves. Int J Pharm Phytopharmacol Res 1(5):292–296
Sawadogo WR, Boly R, Lompo M, Some N, Lamien CE, Guissou IP, Nacoulma OG (2006) Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Dicliptera verticillata. Int J Pharmacol 2:435–438
Seibert K, Zhang Y, Leahy K, Hauser S, Masferrer J, Perkins W, Lee L, Isakson P (1994) Pharmacological and biochemical demonstration of the role of cyclooxygenase- 2 in inflammation and pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:12013–12017
Shehata AB, Hassan MA, Nour MA (2003) Two propandiamides from aerial part of Brownlowia tersa (L.) Kosterm. J Hazard Mater 102(2–3):121–36
Soares JR, Dinis TCP, Cunha AP, Almeida LM (1997) Antioxidant activities of some extracts of thymus zygis. Free Rad Res 26:469–478
Tanaka M, Kuie CW, Nagashima Y, Taguchi T (1988) Application of antioxidative Maillard reaction products from histidine and glucose to sardine products. Bull Japanese Soc Sci Fisher 54:1409–1414
Vasudevan M, Gunman KK, Parle M (2007) Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of Thespesia populnea bark extract. J Ethnopharmacol 109:264–270
Wolfe K, Wu X, Liu RH (2003) Antioxidant activity of apple peels. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 51:609–614
Wu Y, Zhou C, Song L, Li X, Shi S, Mo J et al (2006) Effect of total phenolics from Laggera alata on acute and chronic inflammatory models. J Ethnopharmacol 108:243–50
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hossain, H., Jahan, I.A., Howlader, S.I. et al. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Brownlowia tersa (L.) Kosterm. Orient Pharm Exp Med 13, 181–189 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-013-0109-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-013-0109-3