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La réanimation dans les systèmes de santé à ressources limitées : expérience d’une coopération francopakistanaise en réanimation

Intensive care medicine in resource limited health systems: experience of a Pakistani-French cooperation program in intensive care

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Réanimation

Résumé

La réanimation est une discipline peu reconnue dans les systèmes de santé à ressources limitées. Le programme de coopération francopakistanaise en réanimation de 2000 à 2010, entre le Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), hôpital universitaire d’Islamabad et le service de réanimation médicale de l’hôpital Saint Antoine à Paris permet de mieux comprendre les défis posés au Pakistan par les patients nécessitant des soins de réanimation, par la faiblesse du système de santé publique et par la lente émergence de la spécialité. Le contexte socioculturel est un élément essentiel pour expliquer les succès et les échecs de cette coopération. Les actions se sont concentrées autour de la création d’un service de réanimation médicale de neuf lits fonctionnant en système fermé avec une équipe dédiée, d’un plaidoyer pour la reconnaissance de la spécialité au niveau national, de la création d’une formation diplômante en réanimation et de la rédaction d’un projet de service soumis au ministère de la Santé. Les résultats sont incertains dans leur pérennité, mais nous avons obtenu la reconnaissance de la discipline et des jeunes médecins s’engagent dans des parcours de formation spécifiques. En 2014, la réanimation médicale du PIMS continue à fonctionner sur le mode fermé.

Abstract

Intensive care medicine is poorly recognized as a medical specialty in resource limited health sytems. Between 2000 and 2010 a French-Pakistani cooperation program in intensive care medicine was launched between the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (Islamabad teaching Hospital, PIMS) and the medical intensive care unit (MICU) of Saint Antoine hospital in Paris. It allows understanding the different challenges created in Pakistan by patients requiring intensive care, the weaknesses of the public health system and the slow uprise of this medical specialty. The sociocultural context is an important factor to explain the failures and successes of this program. The interventions focused on the creation of a 9-bed medical intensive care unit organized in a closed system with a dedicated team, the advocacy for recognition of intensive care medicine as a medical specialty, the creation of one formal training program and writing of a medical department project submitted to the health ministry. Sustainability of the results achieved by this cooperation program is questionable, but we obtained the recognition of intensive care medicine as a medical specialty and young doctors are now joining specific training programs. In 2014, the MICU of PIMS still works as a closed unit.

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Correspondence to G. Offenstadt.

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Ioos, V., Aman, R., Qureshi, T. et al. La réanimation dans les systèmes de santé à ressources limitées : expérience d’une coopération francopakistanaise en réanimation. Réanimation 23, 466–475 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13546-014-0921-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13546-014-0921-x

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