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Z-Scan Analysis: a New Method to Determine the Oxidative State of Low-Density Lipoprotein and Its Association with Multiple Cardiometabolic Biomarkers

  • General and Applied Physics
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Abstract

The great atherogenic potential of oxidized low-density lipoprotein has been widely described in the literature. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the state of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in human plasma measured by the Z-scan technique has an association with different cardiometabolic biomarkers. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerols, apolipoprotein A–I and apolipoprotein B, paraoxonase-1, and glucose were analyzed using standard commercial kits, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was estimated using the Friedewald equation. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect electronegative low-density lipoprotein. Low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein sizes were determined by Lipoprint® system. The Z-scan technique was used to measure the non-linear optical response of low-density lipoprotein solution. Principal component analysis and correlations were used respectively to resize the data from the sample and test association between the θ parameter, measured with the Z-scan technique, and the principal component. A total of 63 individuals, from both sexes, with mean age 52 years (±11), being overweight and having high levels of total cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were enrolled in this study. A positive correlation between the θ parameter and more anti-atherogenic pattern for cardiometabolic biomarkers together with a negative correlation for an atherogenic pattern was found. Regarding the parameters related with an atherogenic low-density lipoprotein profile, the θ parameter was negatively correlated with a more atherogenic pattern. By using Z-scan measurements, we were able to find an association between oxidized low-density lipoprotein state and multiple cardiometabolic biomarkers in samples from individuals with different cardiovascular risk factors.

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Acknowledgments

Antonio Martins Figueiredo Neto received grant support from the National Institute of Science and Technology Complex Fluids (INCT-FCx, 2010–2014), Research Nucleus Support in Complex Fluids at the University of Sao Paulo (NAP-FCx, 2011), and Support Foundation Research of Sao Paulo State (FAPESP-2011/13616-4). Nagila Raquel Teixeira Damasceno received grant support from Support Foundation Research of Sao Paulo State (FAPESP-2011/12523-2). Maria Camila Pruper de Freitas received grant scholarship from Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Maria Camila Pruper de Freitas, Milena Maria de Araújo Lima Barbosa & Nágila Raquel Teixeira Damasceno

  2. Experimental Physics Department, Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Antonio Martins Figueiredo Neto

  3. Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Viviane Giampaoli & Elisete da Conceição Quintaneiro Aubin

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  1. Maria Camila Pruper de Freitas
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  2. Antonio Martins Figueiredo Neto
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  3. Viviane Giampaoli
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  4. Elisete da Conceição Quintaneiro Aubin
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Correspondence to Maria Camila Pruper de Freitas or Nágila Raquel Teixeira Damasceno.

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de Freitas, M.C.P., Figueiredo Neto, A.M., Giampaoli, V. et al. Z-Scan Analysis: a New Method to Determine the Oxidative State of Low-Density Lipoprotein and Its Association with Multiple Cardiometabolic Biomarkers. Braz J Phys 46, 163–169 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-015-0395-y

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