Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Health-related quality of life of Pakistani adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

To assess the health-related quality of life of Pakistani adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents.

Methodology

This cross-sectional study of adolescents with T1DM and their parents was conducted at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, a tertiary care hospital, Karachi Pakistan from April 2017 to September 2018. Diabetes Quality of Life for Youths (DQOLY) questionnaire (assess possible problems in six dimensions of impact) and WHO QOL-BREF instrument was used to assess quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents respectively. The data was entered and analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.

Results

Adolescents with T1DM had adverse impact on their quality of life (QOL); overall QOL score was found 20.76 ± 0.83, the maximally reported adverse impact was related to symptoms of diabetes 24.35 ± 1.92 and impact of treatment 24.59 ± 2.12. Females had more adverse impact on QOL score, i.e. 22.49 ± 1.2 (p value = 0.015). Adverse effect on QOL score is strongly correlated with increasing age (p value = 0.006). Overall QOL score of parents/care takers was 56.3 ± 0.98. The worst overall QOL score was noted to be of care takers 53.75 ± 3.4 followed by mothers 54.52 ± 1.25 and fathers 60.56 ± 1.61 respectively (p value = 0.015); the environment domain was associated with statistically significance adverse impact on QOL of mothers (p value = 0.008).

Conclusion

It is imperative for health care professionals to be aware of the effect of diabetes on QOL as timely screening is important for better health care outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

T1DM:

type 1 diabetes mellitus

NDSP:

National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan

HRQOL:

health-related quality of life

DQOLY:

Diabetes Quality of Life for Youths

WHO QOL-BREF:

World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument

References

  1. Chiang JL, Kirkman MS, Laffel LM, Peters AL. Type 1 diabetes through the life span: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(7):2034–54. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-1140.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Rubin RR, Peyrot M. Psychological issues and treatments for people with diabetes. J Clin Psychol. 2001;57(4):457–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.1041.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Weinger K, Lee J. Psychosocial and psychiatric challenges of diabetes mellitus. Nurs Clin. 2006;41(4):667–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2006.07.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Grey M, Boland EA, Davidson M, Li J, Tamborlane WV. Coping skills training for youth with diabetes mellitus has long-lasting effects on metabolic control and quality of life. J Pediatr. 2000;137(1):107–13. https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2000.106568.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Puri K, Sapra S, Jain V. Emotional, behavioral and cognitive profile, and quality of life of Indian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17(6):1078. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.122631.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Grey M, Davidson M, Boland EA, Tamborlane WV. Clinical and psychosocial factors associated with achievement of treatment goals in adolescents with diabetes mellitus. JAH. 2001;28(5):377–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(00)00211-1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Guthrie DW, Bartsocas C, Jarosz-Chabot P, Konstantinova M. Psychosocial issues for children and adolescents with diabetes: overview and recommendations. Diabetes Spectr. 2003;16(1):7–12. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.16.1.7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Swift P. ISPAD consensus guidelines for the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Zeist, The Netherlands. Medical Forum International. 2000:63–73.

  9. Frøisland DH Children and adolescents with diabetes, current state and future possibilities. A study of factors affecting health-related quality of life, competences and treatment results in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.2013. Avalible from https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/35829/dravhandling-froisland.pdf?sequence=1 (last assessed on January 11, 2019).

  10. Bryden KS, Peveler RC, Stein A, Neil A, Mayou RA, Dunger DB. Clinical and psychological course of diabetes from adolescence to young adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(9):1536–40. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.24.9.1536.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bloch CA, Clemons P, Sperling MA. Puberty decreases insulin sensitivity. J Pediatr. 1987;110(3):481–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80522-X.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Delamater AM. Psychological care of children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2009;10:175–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00580.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. De Wit M, Delemarre-van De Waal HA, Bokma JA, Haasnoot K, Houdijk MC, Gemke RJ, et al. Monitoring and discussing health-related quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes improve psychosocial well-being: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(8):1521–6. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-0394.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Sawyer SM, Drew S, Yeo MS, Britto MT. Adolescents with a chronic condition: challenges living, challenges treating. Lancet. 2007;369(9571):1481–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60370-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Colagiuri R, Eigenmann CA. A national consensus on outcomes and indicators for diabetes patient education. Diabet Med. 2009;(4):442–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02700.x.

  16. Hood KK, Rausch JR, Dolan LM. Depressive symptoms predict change in glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: rates, magnitude, and moderators of change. Pediatr Diabetes. 2011;12(8):718–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00771.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ingersoll GM, Marrero DG. A modified quality-of-life measure for youths: psychometric properties. Diabetes Educ. 1991;17(2):114–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/014572179101700219.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. WHOQOL Group. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychol Med. 1998;28(3):551–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Matziou V, Tsoumakas K, Vlahioti E, Chrysicopoulou L, Galanis P, Petsios K, et al. Factors influencing the quality of life of young patients with diabetes. J Diabetes. 2011;3:82–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-0407.2010.00106.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ingerski LM, Laffel L, Drotar D, Repaske D, Hood KK. Correlates of glycemic control and quality of life outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes2010; 11:563–71. [PMID:20149122, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00645.x.

  21. Kalyva E, Malakonaki E, Eiser C, Mamoulakis D. Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM): self and parental perceptions. Pediatric diabetes. 2011 Feb;12(1):34–40.

  22. Hoey H, Aanstoot HJ, Chiarelli F, Daneman D, Danne T, Dorchy H, Fitzgerald M, Garandeau P, Greene S, Holl R, Hougaard P. Good metabolic control is associated with better quality of life in 2,101 adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2001 Nov 1;24(11):1923–8.4.

  23. Hassan K, Loar R, Anderson BJ, Heptulla RA. The role of socioeconomic status, depression, quality of life, and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus. The Journal of pediatrics. 2006 Oct 1;149(4):526–31.

  24. Anderson BJ, Laffel LM, Domenger C, Danne T, Phillip M, Mazza C, Hanas R, Waldron S, Beck RW, Calvi-Gries F, Mathieu C. Factors associated with diabetes-specific health-related quality of life in youth with type 1 diabetes: the Global TEENs Study. Diabetes Care. 2017 Aug 1;40(8):1002–9.

  25. Awata S, Bech P, Yoshida S, Hirai M, Suzuki S, Yamashita M et al. Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index in the context of detecting depression in diabetic patients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 61:112-9. [PMID: 17239048, PMID: 17239048, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00645.x.

  26. Riaz M, Imran N, Fawwad A, Basit A. Frequency of depression among patients with Type-I diabetes in a developing country, Pakistan.PJMS. 2017;33(6):1318. [PMID:29492051, PMID:29492051, https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.336.13911.

  27. Hains AA, Davies WH, Parton E, Totka J, Amoroso-Camarata J. A stress management intervention for adolescents with type i diabetes. Diabetes Educ 2000;26(3):417–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/014572170202800113.

  28. Cook S, Herold K, Edidin DV, Briars R. Increasing problem solving in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: the choices diabetes program. Diabetes Educ 2002;28(1):115–24. PMID:11852741, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00645.x.

  29. JChannon SJ, Huws-Thomas MV, Rollnick S, Hood K, Cannings-John RL, Rogers C, Gregory JW. A multicenter randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing in teenagers with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30(6):1390–5. PMID: 17351283, https://doi.org/10.2337/dc06-2260.

Download references

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the support of “Insulin My Life” (IML) project, a collaborative project of World Diabetes Foundation (WDF), Life for a Child program (LFAC), and Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Saima Askari, Asher Fawwad & Musarrat Riaz

  2. Department of Child and Family, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Nazish Imran

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Asher Fawwad

  4. Research Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Anum Butt & Raheela Naseem

  5. Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Abdul Basit

Authors
  1. Saima Askari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nazish Imran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Asher Fawwad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anum Butt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Musarrat Riaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Raheela Naseem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Abdul Basit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Saima Askari: Concept, design, literature search, wrote, and approval of the final manuscript.

Nazish Imran: Concept, design, literature search, edited, and approval of the final manuscript.

Asher Fawwad: Concept, design, interpretation of data, edited, and approval of the final manuscript.

Anum Butt: Literature search, interpretation of data, wrote, and approval of the final manuscript.

Musarrat Riaz: Concept, design, edited, and approval of the final manuscript.

Raheela Naseem: Interpretation of data, edited, and approval of the final manuscript.

Abdul Basit: Concept, design, edited, and approval of the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Asher Fawwad.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Institutional review board statement

Ethical approval was obtained by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of BIDE with approval/reference number: BIDE/IRB/SASKARI/10/26/18/0216.

Informed consent statement

Consent was taken from guardians or parents of children.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Askari, S., Imran, N., Fawwad, A. et al. Health-related quality of life of Pakistani adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 40, 436–441 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-020-00800-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-020-00800-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation