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Association of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

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Abstract

Background

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are major risk factors for vascular complications in diabetes. Its role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and vascular complications in GDM is not known.

Objective

The present study was aimed to study the association of AGEs with GDM and vascular inflammation.

Methods

Plasma samples from normal pregnant and GDM women (n = 50 each) were obtained from two tertiary referral centers in Tamil Nadu, India. Quantification of AGEs, methylglyoxal (MGO), ICAM-1, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were performed by commercially available ELISA kits.

Results and conclusions

The third trimester fasting blood sugar (101.35 ± 26.15 vs. 81.63 ± 6.14, p < 0.002) and postprandial blood sugar (150.69 ± 23.07 vs 105.79 ± 11.99, p < 0.0001) were significantly high in GDM women compared to normal pregnant women. The concentrations of AGEs (13.18 ± 8.74, p < 0.001), MGO (15.7 ± 13.54, p < 0.02), and ICAM-1 (217.8 ± 86.92, p = 0.005) were significantly higher in GDM women compared to AGEs (2.68 ± 0.89), MGO (9.26 ± 5.38), and ICAM-1 (142.3 ± 38.21) in normal pregnant women. Further, elevated levels of MDA concentration (0.64 ± 0.08, p < 0.002) and low GSH levels (0.19 ± 0.1, p < 0.0001) in the GDM women were indicative of oxidative stress. AGE levels significantly correlated with MDA concentration which indicates AGEs may be responsible for oxidative stress in GDM women. Further, elevated level of ICAM-1 in GDM women suggests endothelial activation which may impact endothelial function. Thus, AGEs may be used as a biomarker during pregnancy to predict vascular complications due to GDM.

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Abbreviations

GDM:

gestational diabetes mellitus

AGEs:

advanced glycation end products

MGO:

methylglyoxal

MDA:

malondialdehyde

ICAM-1:

intercellular adhesion molecule-1

GSH:

glutathione reduced

BMI:

body mass index

FBS:

fasting blood sugar

PPBS:

postprandial blood sugar

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Funding

This study was supported by the DST–Fast track scheme by Ministry of Science and Technology, India (Grant No. SB/FT/LS-432-2012) and TRR funded by SASTRA deemed to be University awarded to Dr. Srinivasan Vedantham, Senior Assistant Professor, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Author notes

  1. Sundar Krishnasamy and Barathi Rajaraman contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sundar Krishnasamy, Barathi Rajaraman, Rashmi Rajagopal, Arunkumar Ganeshprasad, Ashok Ayyappa Kuppuswamy, Nirupama Ramadas & Srinivasan Vedantham

  2. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, K.A.P. Viswanatham Government Medical College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India

    Vidya Ravi

  3. Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Atima Pathak, C. S. Dhevasena & Krishnan Swaminathan

  4. Dept. of Endocrinology, Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital and Research Foundation, Coimbatore, India

    Mohanraj Sundaresan

  5. Disease Program Lead, MedGenome Labs Pvt. Ltd, 3rd Floor, Narayana Nethralaya Building, Narayana Health City, Bommasandra, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Srinivasan Vedantham

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  1. Sundar Krishnasamy
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Correspondence to Nirupama Ramadas or Srinivasan Vedantham.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical committee approval (EC/AP/423/12/2015 & MCRC.IEC#001, 2015) and written informed consent were obtained from all study participants.

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Krishnasamy, S., Rajaraman, B., Ravi, V. et al. Association of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 40, 276–282 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-019-00766-7

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