Abstract
Purpose
Chemotherapy based on cisplatin (CDDP) has been established as the treatment of choice for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Malignant tumors respond to microenvironmental alterations through a dynamic balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion. HNSCCs are known to exhibit hypoxic conditions, yet the respective effects and underlying mechanisms of hypoxia on chemosensitivity and mitochondrial dynamics remain to be resolved.
Methods
The effect of hypoxia on the chemosensitivity of HNCC cells was determined by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) expression was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blotting in hypoxic HNSCC cells, and further verified in primary CDDP-sensitive and CDDP-resistant HSNCC samples. The biological function of Mff was evaluated by loss of function and gain of function analyses, both in vitro and in vivo.
Results
We found that hypoxia promoted mitochondrial fission and CDDP sensitivity in HNSCC cells. Importantly, Mff was found to be correlated with chemosensitivity in primary clinical samples under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was found to markedly increase Mff transcription and to directly bind to Mff. Hypoxia enhanced the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulated the expression of Mff via HIF-1α in HNSCC cells. ROS depletion in HNSCC cells attenuated HIF-1α expression, Mff expression and mitochondrial fission. Moreover, Mff knockdown led to suppression of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial fission and to decreased CDDP chemosensitivity in vivo and in vitro.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that hypoxia-induced release of ROS can promote mitochondrial fission and CDDP chemosensitivity via HIF1α/Mff regulation in HNSCC cells, indicating that Mff may serve as a biomarker to predict neoadjuvant chemosensitivity in HNSCC patients and as a target for overcoming chemoresistance.
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Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- CDDP:
-
Cisplatin
- HNSCC:
-
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SLC2A1:
-
Solute carrier family 2 member 1
- PDGFB:
-
Platelet-derived growth factor B
- VEGFA:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor A
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This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation for Youth Program of China (81902808, Yan Li).
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WK and LY analyzed and interpreted the data. WK was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. ZS, WHJ and LY edited the manuscript. CQ, MYY and ZBL collected the specimens. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital (Approval No. 2020530, 2020/9/14). All animal studies were approved by the Second Xiangya Hospital Animal Ethical and Welfare Committee (Approval No. 2020489, 2020/9/9).
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Wu, K., Mao, Yy., Chen, Q. et al. Hypoxia-induced ROS promotes mitochondrial fission and cisplatin chemosensitivity via HIF-1α/Mff regulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol. 44, 1167–1181 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-021-00629-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-021-00629-6