Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The cancer genome: from structure to function

  • ISCO 2014
  • Published:
Cellular Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The 2014 joint meeting of the International Society for Cellular Oncology (ISCO) and the European Workshop on Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics of Solid Tumors (EWCMST), organized by Nick Gilbert, Juan Cigudosa and Bauke Ylstra, was held from 11 to 14 May in Malaga, Spain. Since the previous meeting in 2012, the ever increasing availability of new sequencing technologies has enabled the analysis of cancer genomes at an increasingly greater detail. In addition to structural changes in the genome (i.e., translocations, deletions, amplifications), frequent mutations in important regulatory genes have been found to occur, as also frequent alterations in a large number of epigenetic factors. The challenge now is to relate structural changes in cancer genomes to the underlying disease mechanisms and to reveal opportunities for the design of novel (targeted) therapies. During the meeting, various topics related to these challenges and opportunities were addressed, including those dealing with functional genomics, genome instability, biomarkers and diagnostics, cancer genetics and epigenomics. Special attention was paid to therapy-driven cancer evolution (keynote lecture) and relationships between DNA repair, cancer and ageing (Prof. Ploem lecture). Based on the information presented at the meeting, several aspects of the cancer genome and its functional implications are provided in this report.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. A. Geurts van Kessel, New insights and advancements in cellular oncology. Cell. Oncol. 35, 139–147 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. F. Supek, B. Minana, J. Valcarcel, T. Gabaldon, B. Lehner, Synonymous mutations frequently act as driver mutations in human cancers. Cell 156, 1324–1335 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. J.J. Gartner, S.C.J. Parker, T.D. Prickett, K. Dutton-Regester, M.L. Stitzel, J.C. Lin, S. Davis, V.L. Simhadri, S. Jhaf, N. Katagiri, V. Gotea, J.K. Teer, X. Wei, M.A. Morken, U.K. Bhanot, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, G. Chen, L.L. Elnitski, M.A. Davies, J.E. Gershenwald, H. Carter, R. Karchin, W. Robinson, S. Robinson, S.A. Rosenberg, F.S. Collins, G. Parmigiani, A.A. Komar, C. Kimchi-Sarfaty, N.K. Hayward, E.H. Margulies, Y. Samuels, Whole-genome sequencing identifies a recurrent functional synonymous mutation in melanoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110, 13481–13486 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. V.K. Hill, J.J. Gartner, Y. Samuels, A.M. Goldstein, The genetics of melanoma: recent advances. Ann. Rev. Gen. Hum. Genet. 14, 257–279 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. G. Evan, Taking the backdoor to target Myc. Science 335, 293–294 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Z. Nie, G. Hu, G. Wei, K. Cui, A. Yamane, W. Resch, R. Wang, D.R. Green, L. Tessarollo, R. Casellas, K. Zhao, D. Levens, c-Myc Is a universal amplifier of expressed genes in lymphocytes and embryonic stem cells. Cell 151, 68–79 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. C.Y. Lin, J. Loven, P.B. Rahl, R.M. Paranal, C.B. Burge, J.E. Bradner, T.I. Lee, R.A. Young, Transcriptional amplification in tumor cells with elevated c-Myc. Cell 151, 56–67 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Sabò, B. Amati, Genome recognition by MYC. Cold. Spring. Harb. Perspect. Med. 4, (2014). doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a014191

  9. H. Clevers, E. Battle, Snapshot: the intestinal crypt. Cell 152, 1198.e1 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. W.H. Liu, N. You, N. Zhang, H.T. Yan, T. Wang, Z. Huang, H.B. Liu, L.J. Tang, Interpretation of interlocking key issues of cancer stem cells in malignant solid tumors. Cell. Oncol. 35, 397–409 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M.D. Hale, J.D. Hayden, H.I. Grabsch, Tumour-microenvironment interactions: role of tumour stroma and proteins produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts in chemotherapy reponse. Cell. Oncol. 36, 95–112 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Kraman, P.J. Bambrough, J.N. Arnold, E.W. Roberts, L. Magiera, J.O. Jones, A. Gopinathan, D.A. Tuveson, D.T. Fearon, Suppression of antitumor immunity by stromal cells expressing fibroblast activating protein-alpha. Science 330, 827–830 (2010)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Calon, E. Espinet, S. Palomo-Ponce, D.V.F. Tauriello, M. Iglesias, M. Virtudes Céspedes, M. Sevillano, C. Nadal, P. Jung, X.H.F. Zhang, D. Byrom, A. Riera, D. Rossell, R. Mangues, J. Massague, E. Sancho, E. Batlle, Dependency of colorectal cancer on a TGF-beta-driven programme in stromal cells for metastasis initiation. Cancer Cell 22, 571–584 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Calona, D.V.F. Taurielloa, E. Batlle, TGF-beta in CAF-mediated tumor growth and metastasis. Sem. Cancer Biol. 25, 15–22 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. N.A. Ajoub, A.D. Devaprasath, J.A. Bernal, A.R. Venkitaraman, HP1-beta mobilization promotes chromatin changes that initiate the DNA damage response. Nature 453, 682–686 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M.J. Garnett, J. Mansfeld, C. Godwin, T. Matsusaka, J. Wu, P. Russell, J. Pines, A.R. Venkitaraman, UBE2S elongates ubiquitin chains on APC/C substrates to promote mitotic exit. Nature Cell Biol. 11, 1363–1369 (2009)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. A.D. Jeyasekharan, Y. Liu, H. Hattori, V. Pisupati, A.B. Jonsdottir, E. Rajendra, M. Lee, E. Sundaramoorthy, S. Schlachter, C. Kaminski, Y. Rosenfeld, K. Sato, J. Savill, N. Ayoub, A.R. Venkitaraman, A cancer-associated BRCA2 mutation reveals masked nuclear export signals controlling localization. Nature Struct. Mol. Biol. 20, 1191–1198 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. H. Liang, A. Esposito, P. Collin, U. Surana, A.R. Venkitaraman, Homeostatic control in G2 checkpoint fidelity and timing. Nature Commun. 5, 4048 (2014). doi:10.1038/ncomms5048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. E. Yiannakopoulou, Etiology of familial breast cancer with undetected BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: clinical implications. Cell. Oncol. 37, 1–8 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. A.R. Venkitaraman, Cancer suppression by the chromosome custodians, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Science 343, 1470–1475 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. S. Remeseiro, A. Cuadrado, A. Losada, Cohesin in development and disease. Development 140, 3715–3718 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. D.A. Solomon, T. Kim, L.A. Diaz-Martinez, J. Fair, A.G. Elkahloun, B.T. Harris, J.A. Toretsky, S.A. Rosenberg, N. Shukla, M. Ladanyi, Y. Samuels, C.D. James, H. Yu, J.S. Kim, T. Waldman, Mutational inactivation of STAG2 causes aneuploidy in human cancer. Science 333, 1039–1043 (2011)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Remeseiro, A. Cuadrado, G. Gomez-Lopez, D.G. Pisano, A. Losado, A unique role of cohesion-SA1 in gene regulation and development. EMBO J. 31, 2090–2102 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. J.S. Welch, T.J. Ley, D. Link, C.A. Miller, D.E. Larson, D.C. Koboldt, L.D. Wartman, T. Lamprecht, F. Liu, J. Xia, C. Kandoth, R.S. Fulton, M.D. McLellan, D.J. Dooling, J.W. Wallis, K. Chen, C.C. Harris, H.K. Schmidt, J.M. Kalicki-Veizer, C. Lu, Q. Zhang, L. Lin, M.D. O’Laughlin, J.F. McMichael, K.D. Delehaunty, L.A. Fulton, V.J. Magrini, S.D. McGrath, R.T. Demeter, T.L. Vickery, J. Hundal, L.L. Cook, G.W. Swift, J.P. Reed, P.A. Alldredge, T.N. Wylie, J.R. Walker, M.A. Watson, S.E. Heath, W.D. Shannon, N. Varghese, R. Nagarajan, J.E. Payton, J.D. Baty, S. Kulkarni, J.M. Klco, M.H. Tomasson, P. Westervelt, M.J. Walter, T.A. Graubert, J.F. DiPersio, L. Ding, E.R. Mardis, R.K. Wilson, The origin and evolution of mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell 150, 264–275 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. D.W. Schoppy, R.L. Ragland, O. Gilad, N. Shastri, A.A. Peters, M. Murga, O. Fernandez-Capetillo, J.A. Diehl, E.J. Brown, Oncogenic stress sensitizes murine cancers to hypomorphic suppression of ATR. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 242–252 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  26. A. Alentorn, H.F. van Thuijl, Y. Marie, H. Alshehhi, C. Carpentier, B. Boisselier, F. Laigle-Donadey, K. Mokhtari, I. Scheinin, P. Wesseling, B. Ylstra, L. Capelle, K. Hoang-Xuan, M. Sanson, J.Y. Delattre, J.C. Reijneveld, A. Idbaih, Clinical value of chromosome arms 19q and 11p losses in low-grade gliomas. Neuro. Oncol. 16, 400–408 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. M. di Pietro, R.C. Fitzgerald, Research advances in esophageal diseases: bench to bedside. F1000Prime Rep. 5, 44 (2013). doi:10.12703/P5-44

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. P. Bus, P.D. Siersema, J.W.P.M. van Baal, Cell culture models for studying the development of Barrett’s esophagus: a systematic review. Cell. Oncol. 35, 149–161 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. A.M. Dulak, P. Stojanov, S. Peng, M.S. Lawrence, C. Fox, C. Stewart, S. Bandla, Y. Imamura, S.E. Schumacher, E. Shefler, A. McKenna, S.L. Carter, K. Cibulskis, A. Sivachenko, G. Saksena, D. Voet, A.H. Ramos, D. Auclair, K. Thompson, C. Sougnez, R.C. Onofrio, C. Guiducci, R. Beroukhim, Z. Zhou, L. Lin, J. Lin, R. Reddy, A. Chang, R. Landrenau, A. Pennathur, S. Ogino, J.D. Luketich, T.R. Golub, S.B. Gabriel, E.S. Lander, D.G. Beer, T.E. Godfrey, G. Getz, A.J. Bass, Exome and whole-genome sequencing of esophageal adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent driver events and mutational complexity. Nature Genet. 45, 478–486 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. P.L. Bedard, A.R. Hansen, M.J. Ratain, L.L. Siu, Tumour heterogeneity in the clinic. Nature 501, 355–364 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. E. Waanders, B. Scheijen, S. van Reijmersdal, T. van der Meer, L. van Emst, Y. Kroeze, E. Sonneveld, P.M. Hoogerbrugge, A. Geurts van Kessel, F.N. van Leeuwen, R.P. Kuiper, The origin and nature of tightly clustered BTG1 deletions in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia support a model of multiclonal evolution. PloS Genet. 8, e1002533 (2012)

  32. P. Ulivi, R. Silvestrini, Role of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of free circulating DNA in the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cell. Oncol. 36, 439–448 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. L.H.A. Broersen, G.W. van Pelt, R.A.E.M. Tollenaar, W.E. Mesker, Clinical application of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. Cell. Oncol. 37, 9–15 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. F.X. Real, P.C. Boutros, N. Malats, Next-generation sequencing of urologic cancers: next is now. Eur. Urol. 66, 4–7 (2014)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, Comprehensive molecular characterization of urothelial bladder carcinoma. Nature 507, 315–322 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. N. Ganguly, Human papillomavirus-16 E5 protein: oncogenic role and therapeutic value. Cell. Oncol. 35, 67–76 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. G. Iye, A.J. Hanrahan, M.I. Milowsky, H. Al-Ahmadie, S.N. Scott, M. Janakiraman, M. Pirun, C. Sander, N.D. Socci, I. Ostrovnaya, A. Viale, A. Heguy, L. Peng, T.A. Chan, B. Bochner, D.F. Bajorin, M.F. Berger, B.S. Taylor, D.B. Solit, Genome sequencing identifies a basis for everolimus sensitivity. Science 338, 221 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. M.D. Jones, E.K. Colvin, A.M. Nagrial, E.S. Humphrey, A. Chou, V.T. Chin, L.A. Chantrill, A. Mawson, J.S. Samra, J.G. Kench, J.A. Lovell, R.J. Daly, N.D. Merrett, C. Toon, K. Epari, N.Q. Nguyen, A. Barbour, N. Zeps, Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative, N. Kakkar, F. Zhao, Y.Q. Wu, M. Wang, D.M. Muzny, W.E. Fisher, F.C. Brunicardi, S.E. Hodges, J.G. Reid, J. Drummond, K. Chang, Y. Han, L.R. Lewis, H. Dinh, C.J. Buhay, T. Beck, L. Timms, M. Sam, K. Begley, A. Brown, D. Pai, A. Panchal, N. Buchner, R. De Borja, R.E. Denroche, C.K. YungK, S. Serra, N. Onetto, D. Mukhopadhyay, M.S. Tsao, P.A. Shaw, G.M. Petersen, S. Gallinger, R.H. Hruban, A. Maitra, C.A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, R.D. Schulick, C.L. Wolfgang, R.A. Morgan, R.T. Lawlor, P. Capelli, V. Corbo, M. Scardoni, G. Tortora, M.A. Tempero, K.M. Mann, N.A. Jenkins, P.A. Perez-Mancera, D.J. Adams, D.A. Largaespada, L.F. Wessels, A.G. Rust, L.D. Stein, D.A. Tuveson, N.G. Copeland, E.A. Musgrove, A. Scarpa, J.R. Eshleman, T.J. Hudson, R.L. Sutherland, D.A. Wheeler, J.V. Pearson, J.D. McPherson, R.A. Gibbs, S.M. Grimmond, Pancreatic cancer genomes reveal aberrations in axon guidance pathway genes. Nature 491, 399–405 (2012)

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. D.K. Chang, S.M. Grimmond, A.V. Biankin, Pancreatic cancer genomics. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 24, 74–81 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. T. Rausch, D.T. Jones, M. Zapatka, A.M. Stütz, T. Zichner, J. Weischenfeldt, N. Jäger, M. Remke, D. Shih, P.A. Northcott, E. Pfaff, J. Tica, Q. Wang, L. Massimi, H. Witt, S. Bender, S. Pleier, H. Cin, C. Hawkins, C. Beck, A. von Deimling, V. Hans, B. Brors, R. Eils, W. Scheurlen, J. Blake, V. Benes, A.E. Kulozik, O. Witt, D. Martin, C. Zhang, R. Porat, D.M. Merino, J. Wasserman, N. Jabado, A. Fontebasso, L. Bullinger, F.G. Rücker, K. Döhner, H. Döhner, J. Koster, J.J. Molenaar, R. Versteeg, M. Kool, U. Tabori, D. Malkin, A. Korshunov, M.D. Taylor, P. Lichter, S.M. Pfister, J.O. Korbel, Genome sequencing of pediatric medulloblastoma links catastrophic DNA rearrangements with TP53 mutations. Cell 148, 59–71 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. J. Weischenfeldt, R. Simon, L. Feuerbach, K. Schlangen, D. Weichenhan, S. Minner, D. Wuttig, H.J. Warnatz, H. Stehr, T. Rausch, N. Jäger, L. Gu, O. Bogatyrova, A.M. Stütz, R. Claus, J. Eils, R. Eils, C. Gerhäuser, P.H. Huang, B. Hutter, R. Kabbe, C. Lawerenz, S. Radomski, C.C. Bartholomae, M. Fälth, S. Gade, M. Schmidt, N. Amschler, T. Haß, R. Galal, J. Gjoni, R. Kuner, C. Baer, S. Masser, C. von Kalle, T. Zichner, V. Benes, B. Raeder, M. Mader, V. Amstislavskiy, M. Avci, H. Lehrach, D. Parkhomchuk, M. Sultan, L. Burkhardt, M. Graefen, H. Huland, M. Kluth, A. Krohn, H. Sirma, L. Stumm, S. Steurer, K. Grupp, H. Sültmann, G. Sauter, C. Plass, B. Brors, M.L. Yaspo, J.O. Korbel, T.T. Schlomm, Integrative genomic analyses reveal an androgen-driven somatic alteration landscape in early-onset prostate cancer. Cancer Cell 23, 159–170 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. S. Babashah, M. Sadeghizadeh, M.R. Tavirani, S. Farivar, M. Soleimani, Aberrant microRNA expression and its implications in the pathogenesis of leukemias. Cell. Oncol. 35, 317–334 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. M.F. Arteaga, J.H. Mikesch, J. Qiu, J. Christensen, K. Helin, S.C. Kogan, S. Dong, C.W.E. So, The histone demethylase PHF8 governs retinoic acid response in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Cell 23, 376–389 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. T.K. Fung, C.W.E. So, Overcoming treatment resistance in acute promyelocytic leukemia and beyond. Oncotarget 4, 1128–1129 (2013)

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. M.A. Dawson, R.K. Prinjha, A. Dittman, G. Giotopoulos, M. Bantscheff, W.I. Chan, S.C. Robson, C.W. Chung, C. Hopf, M.M. Savitski, C. Huthmacher, E. Gudgin, D. Lugo, S. Beinke, T.D. Chapman, E.J. Roberts, P.E. Soden, K.R. Auger, O. Mirguet, K. Doehner, R. Delwel, A.K. Burnett, P. Jeffrey, G. Drewes, K. Lee, B.J.P. Huntly, T. Kouzarides, Inhibition of BET recruitment to chromatin as an effective treatment for MLL-fusion leukaemia. Nature 478, 529–533 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. M.A. Dawson, E.J. Gudgin, S.J. Horton, G. Giotopoulos, E. Meduri, S. Robson, E. Cannizzaro, H. Osaki, M. Wiese, S. Putwain, C.Y. Fong, C. Grove, J. Craig, A. Dittmann, D. Lugo, P. Jeffrey, G. Drewes, K. Lee, L. Bullinger, R.K. Prinjha, T. Kouzarides, G.S. Vassiliou, B.J.P. Huntly, Recurrent mutations, including NPM1c, activate a BRD4-dependent core transcriptional program in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 28, 311–320 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. D. Sturm, S. Bender, D.T.W. Jones, P. Lichter, J. Grill, O. Becher, C. Hawkins, J. Majewski, C. Jones, J.F. Costello, A. Iavarone, K. Aldape, C.W. Brennan, N. Jabado, S.M. Pfister, Paediatric and adult glioblastoma: multiform (epi) genomic culprits emerge. Nature Rev. Cancer 14, 92–107 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. A.M. Fontebasso, S. Papillon-Cavanagh, J. Schwartzentruber, H. Nikbakht, N. Gerges, P.O. Fiset, D. Bechet, D. Faury, N. De Jay, L.A. Ramkissoon, A. Corcoran, D.T.W. Jones, D. Sturm, P. Johann, T. Tomita, S. Goldman, M. Nagib, A. Bendel, L. Goumnerova, D.C. Bowers, J.R. Leonard, J.B. Rubin, T. Alden, S. Browd, J.R. Geyer, S. Leary, G. Jallo, K. Cohen, N. Gupta, M.D. Prados, A.S. Carret, B. Ellezam, L. Crevier, A. Klekner, L. Bognar, P. Hauser, M. Garami, J. Myseros, Z. Dong, P.M. Siegel, H. Malkin, A.H. Ligon, S. Albrecht, S.M. Pfister, K.L. Ligon, J. Majewski, N. Jabado, M.W. Kieran, Recurrent somatic mutations in ACVR1 in pediatric midline high-grade astrocytoma. Nature Genet. 46, 462–466 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. B.E. Johnson, T. Mazor, C. Hong, M. Barnes, K. Aihara, C.Y. McLean, S.D. Fouse, S. Yamamoto, H. Ueda, K. Tatsuno, S. Asthana, L.E. Jalbert, S.J. Nelson, A.W. Bollen, W.C. Gustafson, E. Charron, W.A. Weiss, I.V. Smirnov, J.S. Song, A.B. Olshen, S. Cha, Y. Zhao, R.A. Moore, A.J. Mungall, S.J.M. Jones, M. Hirst, M.A. Marra, N. Saito, H. Aburatani, A. Mukasa, M.S. Berger, S.M. Chang, B.S. Taylor, J.F. Costello, Mutational analysis reveals the origin and therapy-driven evolution of recurrent glioma. Science 343, 189–193 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. M.J. Jonker, J.P. Melis, J.R.V. Kuiper, T.V. van der Hoeven, P.F. Wackers, J. Robinson, G.T. van der Horst, M.E. Dollé, J. Vijg, T.M. Breit, J.H.J. Hoeijmakers, H. van Steeg, Life spanning murine gene expression profiles in relation to chronological and pathological aging in multiple organs. Aging Cell. 12, 901–909 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. H. Lans, J.M. Lindvall, K. Thijssen, A.E. Karambelas, D. Cupac, Ø. Fensgard, G. Jansen, J.H.J. Hoeijmakers, H. Nilsen, W. Vermeulen, DNA damage leads to progressive replicative decline but extends the life span of long-lived mutant animals. Cell Death Diff. 20, 1709–1718 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. S. Gravina, M.E.T. Dolle’, T. Wang, H. van Steeg, P. Hasty, J. Hoeijmakers, J. Vijg, High preservation of CpG cytosine methylation patterns at imprinted gene loci in liver and brain of aged mice. PLoS One 8, e73496 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Genetics 855, Radboud University Medical Center, PO. Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Ad Geurts van Kessel

Authors
  1. Ad Geurts van Kessel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ad Geurts van Kessel.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Geurts van Kessel, A. The cancer genome: from structure to function. Cell Oncol. 37, 155–165 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-014-0177-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-014-0177-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation