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Fabrication of polydopamine-functionalized nanobioconjugates for improved stability and catalytic efficiency towards industrial application

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Abstract

This study presents a design for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and nanobioconjugates to enhance enzymatic activity and biosynthesis of biodiesel using free and immobilized enzymes. Enzymes were immobilized by covalent attachment with Ag-PDA complex, PDA bound MSN complex, PDA coated MSN functionalized aluminum nanoparticles, and PDA coated MSN functionalized Fe nanoparticles. 2.47 U/mL increase in the activity of Ag-PDA bound trypsin was observed. Conjugated trypsin retained 80–95% of its activity after 5 days of storage at 4 °C while unconjugated enzyme retained 45% activity. Trypsin immobilized on Ag-PDA complex, PDA coated MSN-Al nanoparticles, PDA bound MSN complex, and PDA coated MSN functionalized Fe nanoparticles retained a residual activity of 80.3%, 78.5%, 68.6% and 66.4% correspondingly after 5, 4, 4, and 3 consecutive operations, respectively. Excellent coupling of biocompatible silver nanoparticles with remarkable adhesive attributes of PDA deposition on silver nanoparticles made Ag-PDA complex very efficient for the immobilization of trypsin by providing a large surface area for the active binding to the trypsin molecules. Biodiesel was synthesized by using lipase immobilized cerium oxide, MSN supported iron, and silica nanosystems. Maximum of 80% biodiesel yield was produced by lipase immobilized cerium oxide nanoparticles. Immobilized nanoparticles were recovered and reused for biodiesel production with a low percentage biodiesel yield.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2023R568), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Rukhma, Manahil Ghazi, Aqsa Mujahid & Hamid Mukhtar

  2. Food and Biotechnology Research Center, PCSIR Labs Complex Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, 54600, Pakistan

    Abid Sarwar & Najeeb Ullah

  3. Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100, Arta, Greece

    Tariq Aziz

  4. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Metab Alharbi, Abdullah F. Alasmari & Thamer H Albekairi

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  1. Rukhma
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  2. Manahil Ghazi
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  3. Aqsa Mujahid
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  4. Hamid Mukhtar
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Contributions

Conceptualization, R; methodology, MG; software, AM; validation, HM; formal analysis, AS; investigation, NU; resources, TA; data curation, MA; writing—original draft preparation, AS; writing—review and editing, TA; visualization, HM; supervision, TA; project administration, THA and AFA.

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Correspondence to Hamid Mukhtar or Tariq Aziz.

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Rukhma, Ghazi, M., Mujahid, A. et al. Fabrication of polydopamine-functionalized nanobioconjugates for improved stability and catalytic efficiency towards industrial application. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-05114-8

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