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Upscaling Millettia laurentii carpentry sawdust into natural dyes: imparting antimicrobial, antioxidant, and UV-protective finish to wool yarns through an ecological and sustainable natural dyeing process

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Abstract

This work presents the valorization of Millettia laurentii carpentry sawdust waste into sustainable natural dye for ecological dyeing and functional finishing of wool textiles. A simple aqueous extraction method was used to isolate natural dye, then the extracted bio-dye was subjected to different qualitative and quantitative analyses. Wool yarns were dyed in conjunction with different metal salts (aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, and zinc sulfate) and their binary combinations (Al/Fe, Al/Cu, Al/Zn, Fe/Cu, Fe/Zn, and Cu/Zn) as mordants. Practically, 11 different eco-friendly shades were developed of varying hues and tones employing 75% (o.w.f.) of M. laurentii sawdust. The antibacterial action against E. coli and S. aureus, free radical scavenging power, and UV protection properties of dyed wool yarns were recorded. The introduction of different metal salts and their combinations enhanced the color properties with a semi-durable antimicrobial and antioxidant finish. Statistical analysis of the color parameters of binary mixed metal combinations confirms the synergetic contribution of individual metal ions in each combination. The amount of individual mordant adsorbed (weight percentage) from a particular combination was further assessed by EDX analysis of mordanted dyed wool yarns. Overall, the results suggest that copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate pre-treatment were the best combinations (Fe/Cu) for wool yarns in conjunction with 75.0% (o.w.f.) M. laurentii sawdust, considering the color fastness, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The results provide ample scope for the upcycling of timber industry waste into a natural dye for the eco-friendly coloration of wool textiles.

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Data availability

Data will be available by the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Tabriz Islamic Art University is gratefully acknowledged for all the supports throughout this research study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Eco-Dyeing and Functional Finishing of Textiles, Faculty of Carpet, Tabriz Islamic Art University, P. O. Box, Tabriz, 51385-4567, Iran

    Siyamak Safapour

  2. College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People’s Republic of China

    Luqman Jameel Rather

  3. Department of Chemistry, S.P. College, Cluster University Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Luqman Jameel Rather

  4. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Baha University, Al Baha, 65431, Saudi Arabia

    Shazia Shaheen Mir

  5. ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482003, India

    Qaiser Farooq Dar

Authors
  1. Siyamak Safapour
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  2. Luqman Jameel Rather
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  3. Shazia Shaheen Mir
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  4. Qaiser Farooq Dar
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Contributions

Siyamak Safapour: project administration, investigation, conceptualization, resources, experimental design and methodology, characterization, data curation, formal analysis, validation, visualization, and writing—review and editing of the original draft

Luqman Jameel Rather: investigation, conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, validation, visualization, and writing—review and editing of the original draft.

Shazia Shaheen Mir: writing antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the original draft.

Qaiser Farooq Dar: statistical analysis of color parameters and writing corresponding part of the original draft.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Siyamak Safapour or Luqman Jameel Rather.

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Highlights

• An effective, facile, and eco-friendly process is presented for upcycling Millettia laurentii carpentry sawdust.

• Sustainable bio colorants were extracted and used for ecological dyeing and bio-functional finishing of wool.

• Different single and binary mixed metal mordants were used to improve color fastness and develop sober and new color shades.

• Bio-dyed wool samples demonstrated improved antibacterial and antioxidant activity which was durable to a great extent after 20 consecutive washing cycles.

• Bio-processed wool showed very good to excellent UV protection ratings.

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Safapour, S., Rather, L.J., Mir, S.S. et al. Upscaling Millettia laurentii carpentry sawdust into natural dyes: imparting antimicrobial, antioxidant, and UV-protective finish to wool yarns through an ecological and sustainable natural dyeing process. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04184-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04184-y

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