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Methylene blue biosorption and antibacterial active gold nanoparticle synthesis using microwave-treated structurally modified water hyacinth biomass

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Abstract

In this present work, microwave-mediated physical structural modification (PSM) of water hyacinth biomass and its impact on methylene blue biosorption kinetics and gold nanoparticle synthesis potential were studied. Microwaves with the strength of 750 W for 60 min brought about a notable impact on the morphology of the biomass by the formation of pores followed by enhancement of cellulose hemicellulose with significant lignin reduction. Batch adsorption studies were conducted under in vitro conditions using various isotherms such as Langmuir plot, Freundlich and Dubinin mechanism. The biosorption capacity for monolayer formation was maximum with a value of 2.45 × 10−3 mol g−1 at a process temperature of 30 °C. The intensity of biosorption that changed from 21.65 to 9.54 showed that the biosorption process was favourable due to the formation of n value in the range of 1–10. RL [RL = 1 / (1 + KLCo)] which confirmed the favourable process of biosorption. Obtained results indicated that the pseudo-second-order model better described the biosorption experimental data. Highly stable nanodimensional gold nanoparticles with an antibacterial action against waterborne pathogenic bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were synthesised from PSM biomass extract. Biocompatibility of the synthesized gold nanoparticles that tested on Vero cell line revealed no specific impact on cell viability, antioxidative enzyme status and LDH release. These findings suggested the possible utilisation of PSM biomass as an effective adsorbent for toxic pollutants and, hence, a hotspot for synthesising active antibacterial gold nanoparticles.

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Data availability (data transparency)

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability (software application or custom code)

Not applicable to this study.

Abbreviations

g:

Gram

°C:

Degree Centigrade

OD:

Optical density

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

MTT:

Dimethyl thiazol tetrazolium component

CAT:

Catalase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

GST:

Glutathione S transferase

EDAX:

Energy-dispersive atomic beam spectroscopy

PSM:

Physically structured and modified

WHB:

Water hyacinth biomass

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge SAIF IIT Madras for analytical methods of gold nanoparticles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India

    S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India

    S. Srinivasan

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 119, India

    M. Kavisri

  4. Department of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India

    J. Aravind Kumar

  5. Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560054, Karnataka, India

    K. Samrat

  6. Ph-Psi Laboratories, Chennai, 600083, Tamil Nadu, India

    Arvind Bharani R. S.

  7. Department of Automobile Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India

    S. Naveen

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  1. S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam
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The authors equally contributed to this study.

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Correspondence to J. Aravind Kumar.

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Highlights

• Microwave treatment of water hyacinth biomass (PSM) brought about enhanced biosorption of methylene blue.

• Biosorption equilibrium revealed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.

• Highly stable, nanodimensional gold nanoparticles (AuNps) with high antibacterial active AuNps were synthesized.

• Biocompatibility of the synthesized nanoparticles that tested on Vero cell line indicates no sign of cytotoxicity.

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Namasivayam, S.K.R., Srinivasan, S., Kavisri, M. et al. Methylene blue biosorption and antibacterial active gold nanoparticle synthesis using microwave-treated structurally modified water hyacinth biomass. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03216-3

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