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Utilization of nano-biosorbents based on pine needles and banana peel for methylene blue removal: equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamic study, and application

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Abstract

Dyes are noxious organic compounds released from different sources producing severe water pollution, thus imparting color to water consequently affecting ecosystem, terrestrial, as well as aquatic life and reducing transmission of sunlight through water. Several techniques have been used for wastewater treatment but adsorption has been proposed as a most effective and significant method for toxic dye removal from industrial wastewater. Low-cost and easily available biomass can be used for the wastewater treatment. The purpose of this study is to synthesize and use of cost-effective, eco-friendly, easily accessible, and magnetically modified nano-biosorbents of pine needles (MCPN) and banana peels (MCBP) for methylene blue dye adsorption from aqueous and industrial effluent. The characterization of prepared nano-composite in terms of structure, morphology, composition and thermal stability were well supported by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption experimentations were investigated in batch sorption mode to examine the influence of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, concentration of dye, and temperature. The kinetics of the adsorption study followed the pseudo–second-order model while the adsorption isotherm data fitted well to the Temkin model for MCBP and the Freundlich model for MCPN. The thermodynamic parameters were measured and proposed that the adsorption processes were spontaneous and endothermic, having increased randomness at the solid–liquid interface during the dye sorption. The adsorption capacity of MCPN equipped under optimized conditions for methylene blue was 1193 and 296.4 mg/g for MCBP. Moreover, the successful application in industrial effluent of MCPN showed more adsorption as compared to MCBP. In conclusion, research elucidated that magnetically modified biosorbents could be used to remove methylene blue dye from wastewater to improve water quality and overcome disposal problem and waste management in an eco-friendly way.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia for funding this work through general research groups program under grant number GRP-6-42.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan

    Asim Yaqub

  2. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan

    Huma Ajab, Aaqiba Almas & Samia Misbah Syed

  3. Department of Zoology, Women University Peshawar, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Asima Azam

  4. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    M. Ijaz Khan

  5. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan

    Muhammad Awais

  6. School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea

    Irshad Muhammad

  7. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11991, Wadi ad-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed M. Galal

  8. Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, P.O 35516, Egypt

    Ahmed M. Galal

  9. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha, 9088, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Y. Alshahrani

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  1. Asim Yaqub
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  2. Huma Ajab
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  3. Aaqiba Almas
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  4. Samia Misbah Syed
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  5. Asima Azam
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  6. M. Ijaz Khan
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  7. Muhammad Awais
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  8. Irshad Muhammad
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  9. Ahmed M. Galal
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  10. Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
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Contributions

Asim Yaqu, Huma Ajab, and Aaqiba Almas work on literature survey; Samia Misbah Syed, Asima Azam, and M Ijaz Khan computed the results; Muhammad Awais, Irshad Muhammad, and Ahmed M Galal wrote the final manuscript; Mohammad Y Alshahrani reviewed the final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmed M. Galal.

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The experimental study was approved by the National Veterinary Lab Islamabad ethical committee adhering to the institution’s guidelines and in compliance with ARRIVE guidelines.

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Yaqub, A., Ajab, H., Almas, A. et al. Utilization of nano-biosorbents based on pine needles and banana peel for methylene blue removal: equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamic study, and application. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12, 1787–1802 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02191-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02191-5

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