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Raw pomegranate peel as promise efficient biosorbent for the removal of Basic Red 46 dye: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

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Abstract

This work reports the use of raw pomegranate peel (RPP) as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of Basic Red 46 (BR46) dye from aqueous solution. The XRD pattern indicates the amorphous nature of RPP. Hydroxyl (OH), carboxyl (COOH), and amine (NH2) are the main functional groups of the biosorbent. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the heterogeneous and rough surface of RPP. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface of 1.046 m2.g−1 and the average pore diameter of 60.121 Å indicate that the molecule could easily access into the pores. The pH at the zero point charge (pHpzc) and the Boheme titration show the slight acidic property of RPP. Reduced particle size of RPP gives up an increase of the adsorption capacity of 70 mg.g−1 in 2 min, to attain 86.13 mg.g−1 with a removal rate of 86% in 60 min of contact for initial dye concentration of 200 mg.L−1 and biosorbent dosage of 2 g.L−1. Biosorption experimental isotherms data fit well with the Temkin model. The adsorption process of BR46 onto RPP was spontaneous, exothermic, and the pseudo-second order described was found to fit the kinetic data. The adsorption mechanism of BR46 onto RPP was proposed with the multiple reuse promising application in environmental wastewater recycling with RPP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Technology and Process Engineering laboratory (LTMGP), University of Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria

    Imane Akkari, Zahra Graba, Nacer Bezzi & Farid Ait Merzeg

  2. Research Unit On Analyses and Technological Development in Environment (UR-ADTE)/Scientific and Technical Research Centre in Physical and Chemical Analyses (CRAPC), Zone Industrielle Bou-Ismail, BP 384, 42004, Tipaza, RP, Algeria

    Farid Ait Merzeg & Nadia Bait

  3. Laboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry (LCCE), University of Batna 1, Batna, Algeria

    Azedine Ferhati

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  1. Imane Akkari
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  2. Zahra Graba
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I. Akkari conducted the research designed and drafted the manuscript text. Z. Graba and N. Bezzi designed the research procedures. F. Ait Merzeg and N. Bait realized some characterization experiments. A. Ferhati rewrote and drafted the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Imane Akkari or Azedine Ferhati.

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Akkari, I., Graba, Z., Bezzi, N. et al. Raw pomegranate peel as promise efficient biosorbent for the removal of Basic Red 46 dye: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 8047–8060 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01620-9

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