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Effect of Ethanol and Gasoline Blending on the Performance of a Stationary Small Single Cylinder Engine

  • Research Article-Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract

To reduce dependency on fossil fuel, alternative fuel may be considered either to replace fossil fuel or to improve the characteristics of fossil fuel. Ethanol is one of the alternative fuels that has been used as an additive to gasoline fossil fuel in many countries, particularly for spark ignition engine system. This research aims to investigate the effect of ethanol and gasoline blending on the performance of a non-road small single cylinder engine. Ethanol–gasoline blends of different concentrations are considered in this paper, to experimentally compare their performances, under varying engine speed but constant engine load. The experimental results showed that the addition of ethanol to gasoline has improved the overall engine performance. High ethanol–gasoline fuel blend (E40) is suitable for low engine speed, while low ethanol–gasoline fuel blend (E10) can replace the neat gasoline without modification as their performance is very identical.

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Abbreviations

%:

Percentage

L:

Litres

°C:

Degree celsius

mm:

Millimetre

kg:

Kilograms

cm3 :

Cubic centimetre

kg/m3 :

Kilogram per cubic metre

kW:

Kilowatt

kJ/kg:

Kilojoules per kilogram

kJ/kg °C:

Kilojoules per kilogram degree celsius

MJ/kg:

Mega Joules per kilogram

Nm:

Newton metre

HP:

Horsepower

BHP:

Brake horsepower

rpm:

Revolution per minute

A:

Amperes

LPM:

Litre per hour

η v :

Volumetric efficiency

η t :

Thermal efficiency

η m :

Mechanical efficiency

\( \dot{W}_{\text{i}} \) :

Indicated power

Mtoe:

Million tonnes of oil equivalent

N c :

Number of cylinders

W imep :

Work done during power stroke (kJ/kg)

N m :

Engine speed (rpm)

n :

Number of revolution per cycle (four-stroke cycle, n = 2)

\( W_{3 - 4} \) :

Indicated work energy

Q in :

Heat energy supplied by the fuel (kJ/kg)

\( \dot{W}_{\text{b}} \) :

Brake power (kW)

\( m_{\text{air}} \) :

Mass flow rate of air into the cylinder (kg/s)

\( V_{{{\text{d}}1}} \) :

Displacement volume per cylinder (m3)

N :

Engine speed (rpm)

\( \rho_{\text{air}} \) :

Air density evaluated at atmospheric condition (1.181 kg/m3)

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the AAIBE Chair of Renewable Grant No: 201801 KETTHA for supporting this research. The authors also wish to express their appreciation to the Direktorat Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi/Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional Republik Indonesia and Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan, Indonesia. The authors wish to acknowledge Prof. T.M.I. Mahlia, Dr. Hwai Chyuan Ong and Dr. M. Mofijur for their support to this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 4300, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Ravinanath Narenthra Rao

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan, 20155, Indonesia

    Arridina Susan Silitonga & A. H. Sebayang

  3. Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Abd Halim Shamsuddin

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Jassinnee Milano

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia

    Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah

  6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, Indonesia

    Taufiq Bin Nur & M. Sabri

  7. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, 20224, Indonesia

    M. R. Yulita

  8. Department of Computer and Information Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan, 20155, Indonesia

    R. W. Sembiring

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  1. Ravinanath Narenthra Rao
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Correspondence to Arridina Susan Silitonga, Jassinnee Milano or A. H. Sebayang.

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Rao, R.N., Silitonga, A.S., Shamsuddin, A.H. et al. Effect of Ethanol and Gasoline Blending on the Performance of a Stationary Small Single Cylinder Engine. Arab J Sci Eng 45, 5793–5802 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04567-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04567-7

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