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Effective Dephenolation of Effluent from Petroleum Industry Using Ionic-Liquid-Induced Hybrid Adsorbent

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Abstract

In this study, naturally heated clay (NHC) was complexed with synthesized ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide solution (EMIB)) to form NHC/EMIB composite. The effectiveness of NHC/EMIB composite in comparison with naturally heated clay (NHC) as an eco-friendly adsorbent for dephenolation of petroleum effluent was investigated. The adsorbents were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Batch mode experiments were conducted to ascertain the effect of process variables on adsorption. Removal efficiencies of 81.70% and 91.7% were obtained for NHC and NHC/EMIB composite, respectively, at 25 min, 308 K, pH 4.0 and 150 µm. The linear and nonlinear isotherm data fitted best to the Langmuir model for both adsorbent, while the linear and nonlinear kinetic data fitted best to pseudo-second-order and pseudo-first-order models for both adsorbents. The estimated average thermodynamic parameters (ΔG0 = − 9.653 kJ/mol, ΔH0 = –28.295 kJ/mol and ΔS0 = –46.395 kJ/mol) revealed the feasibility, exothermic nature and spontaneity, respectively, of the studied adsorption system.

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Abbreviations

A :

Temkin constant, L/g

C e :

Equilibrium concentration, mg/L

C o :

Initial concentration, mg/L

C t :

Concentration at time t, mg/L

∆G :

Free energy change, KJ/mol

∆H :

Enthalpy change, KJ/mol

K 1 :

Pseudo-first-order kinetic constant

K 2 :

Pseudo-second-order kinetic constant

K f :

Freundlich constants, L/g

M :

Total mass of the adsorbent, g

n :

Freundlich constants

Q :

Adsorption capacity, mg/g

\( q_{\text{e}} \) :

Adsorption capacity at equilibrium, mg/g

\( q_{\text{m}} \) :

Maximum adsorption capacity for a complete monolayer coverage

\( q_{\text{t}} \) :

Adsorption capacity at time, mg/g

R :

Universal gas constants, j/mol k

R L :

Dimensional separation factor

∆S :

Entropy change, J/mol k

t :

Time, min

T :

Temperature, K

W :

Weight of adsorbent

ARE:

Average relative error

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DO:

Dissolved oxygen

EABS:

The sum of absolute errors

EMIB:

1-Ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide

HYBRID:

The hybrid error function

NESREA:

National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency

PFO:

Pseudo-first order

PSO:

Pseudo-second order

RMSE:

Root-mean-square error

TDS:

Total dissolved solids

TSS:

Total suspended solids

USPH:

United State Public Health

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

    M. N. Abonyi, C. O. Aniagor & M. C. Menkiti

  2. Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Water Resources Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA

    M. C. Menkiti

Authors
  1. M. N. Abonyi
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  2. C. O. Aniagor
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  3. M. C. Menkiti
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Correspondence to C. O. Aniagor.

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Abonyi, M.N., Aniagor, C.O. & Menkiti, M.C. Effective Dephenolation of Effluent from Petroleum Industry Using Ionic-Liquid-Induced Hybrid Adsorbent. Arab J Sci Eng 44, 10017–10029 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04000-8

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