Abstract
The protection of groundwater is highly required in regions with arid and semi-arid climate like Sidi Bouzid Aquifer. Vulnerability mapping is considered as a fundamental aspect of sustainable groundwater management especially in overexploited and threatens aquifers. To evaluate the vulnerability to pollution of this aquifer, two intrinsic vulnerability methods were chosen: the generic DRASTIC and the pesticide DRASTIC methods, and a specific one which is the susceptibility index (SI) method. The results show a clear degradation of the water quality throughout the aquifer. The validity of these methods in the phreatic aquifer was tested by a comparison between nitrate concentration and distribution of the vulnerability classes in the study area. This comparison has proved that the SI method is the most valid method. This is due to the introduction of the land use parameter.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Melloul A, Collin M: Water quality factor identification by the principal components T statistical method. J. Water Sci. Technol. 34, 41–50 (1994)
Babiker I.S, Mohammed M.A.A, Hiyama T, Kato K: A GIS-based DRATIC model for assessing aquifer vulnerability in Kakamigahara Heights, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. Sci. Total Environ. 345, 127–140 (2005)
Napolitano, P.: GIS for aquifer vulnerability assessment in the Piana Campana, southern Italy, using the DRASTIC and SINTACS methods. MSc thesis, ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands, unpublished (1995)
Saidi S, Bouri S, Ben Dhia H, Anselme B: A GIS-based susceptibility indexing method for irrigation and drinking water management planning: Application to Chebba–Mellouleche Aquifer, Tunisia. Agric. Water Manag. 96, 1683–1690 (2009)
Kattaa B, Al-Fares W, Al Charideh A.R: Groundwater vulnerability assessment for the Banyas Catchment of the Syrian coastal area using GIS and the RISKE method. J. Environ. Manag. 91, 1103–1110 (2010)
Institut de la Météorologie Nationale (INM) Tableaux climatologiques mensuels, stations Sidi Bouzid et Kairouan (1974–2005)
CRDA (Regional Agency of Agricultural Development of Sidi Bouzid) Carte numérique agricole de Sidi Bouzid 1:50000 (2007) Official numerical file
Almasri M.: Assessment of intrinsic vulnerability to contamination for Gaza coastal aquifer, Palestine. J. Environ. Manag. 88, 577–593 (2007)
Carter, A.D.; Palmer, R.C.; Monkhouse, R.A.: Mapping the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution from agricultural practice particularly in respect to nitrate. In: van Duijvenbooden, W.; van Waegeningh, H.G.: (eds.) Vulnerability of Soils and Groundwater Pollutants. TNO Committee on Hydrological Research, The Hague, Netherlands. Proceedings and Information, No. 38 (1987)
Vrba, J.; Zaporozec, A.: Guidebook on mapping groundwater vulnerability. International Association of Hydrogeologists. International Contributions to Hydrogeology, 16/94, 131 (1994)
Simonot, M.: Plaine de Sidi Bouzid : Etude de l’impact de l’épandage des crues sur le recharge de la nappe phréatique. Rapport Direction Générale des Ressources en Eaux (DGRE) (1995)
Amouri, M.: Etude hydrogéologique du système aquifère de Sidi Bouzid. Rapport de Direction Générale des Ressources en Eau (DGRE) (1994)
Saidi, S.: Etude de la vulnérabilité des ressources hydriques du bassin Hajeb-Jelma (Tunisie centrale). Mémoire de mastère. Fac. Sc. Sfax (2006)
Burollet, P.F.: Contribution à l’étude stratigraphique de la Tunisie centrale. Anale des mines et de la géologie (in pub paper) (1956)
Khessibi, M.: Etudes géologiques du secteur de Maknassy—Mezzouna et du Jebel Kebar (Tunisie centrale). Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Claude Bernard, Lyon, France (1978)
Bédir, M.: Mécanismes géodynamiques des bassins associés aux couloirs de coulissements de la marge atlasique de la Tunisie. Sismo -stratigraphie, sismo-tectonique et implications pétrolières. Thèse de Doctorat d’Etat Es-Sciences, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis II (1995)
Ouda, B.: Paléohydrologie isotopique du bassin de Maknassy (Tunisie centrale) pendant le Quaternaire récent. Thèse de Doctorat, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (2000)
Dassi, L.: Etude hydrogéologique, hydrochimique et isotopique du système aquifère du bassin de Sbeïtla (Tunisie centrale). Thèse de Doctorat, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax (2004)
Abbès, Ch.: Structurations et évolutions Tectono-Sédimentaires Mésozoïques et Cénozoïques, associées aux accidents regmatiques, à la jonction des marges Téthysienne et Nord-africaine (Chaîne Nord-Sud—Tunisie centrale). Thèse de doctorat d’Etat Es -Sciences, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (2004)
CRDA (Regional Agency of Agricultural Development of Sidi Bouzid), 2008. Comptes rendus des forages et piézomètres de surveillance du gouvernorat de Sidi Bouzid
Aller, L.; Bennett, T.; Lehr, J.H.; Petty, R.J.; Hackett, G.: A standardized system for evaluating groundwater pollution potential using hydrogeologic settings. US Environment Protection Agency Report (EPA/600/2-87/035), Robert S; Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, p. 445 (1987)
Engel B.A.; Navulur K.C.S.; Cooper, B.S.; Hahn, L.: Estimating groundwater vulnerability to non-point source pollution from nitrates and pesticides on a regional scale. International Association of Hydological Science Publications, vol. 235, pp. 521–597 (1996)
Hamza M.H, Added A, Ben Mammou A, Abdeljaoued S, Rodriguez R: Evaluation de la vulnérabilitéà la pollution potentielle par les pesticides, de la nappe côtière alluvionnaire de la plaine de Metline–Ras Jebel–Raf Raf, Nord-Est tunisien, selon la méthode DRASTIC appliquée par les systèmes d’information géographique. La Houille blanche, Revue internationale de l’eau. 5, 86–94 (2004)
Navulur, K.C.S.: Groundwater evaluation to non-point source nitrate pollution for large areas using GIS. PhD thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indianapolis, USA (1996)
Kalinski R.J, Kelly W.E, Bogardi I, Ehrman R.L, Yamamoto P.D: Correlation between DRASTIC vulnerabilities and incidents of VOC contamination of municipal wells in Nebraska. Groundwater 32(1), 31–34 (1994)
Kalinski R.J, Kelly W.E, Bogardi I, Ehrman R.L, Yamamoto P.D: Correlation between DRASTIC vulnerabilities and incidents of VOC contamination of municipal wells in Nebraska. Groundwater 32(1), 31–34 (1994)
Koterba M.T, Banks W.S.L, Shedlock R.J: Pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula. J. Environ. Qual. 22, 500–518 (1993)
Rosen, L.: A study of the DRASTIC methodology with emphasis on Swedish (1994)
Barbash J.E, Resek E.A: Pesticides in ground water-distribution, trends, and governing factors. Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, MI (1996)
Rupert: Improvements to the DRASTIC Ground-Water Vulnerability Mapping Method, USGS Fact Sheet FS–066–99, pp. 1–6 (1997)
Causape J, Quilez D, Aragues R: Groundwater quality irrigation in CR-V irrigation district (Bardenas I, Spain): alternative scenarios to reduce off-site salt and nitrate contamination. Agric. Water Manag. 84, 281–289 (2006)
Hamza M.H, Added A, Francés A, Rodrigez R: Validité de l’application des méthodes de vulnérabilité DRASTIC, SINTACS et SI à l’étude de la pollution par les nitrates dans la nappe phréatique de Metline–Ras Jebel–Raf Raf (Nord-Est tunisien); C.R. Geosci. 339, 493–505 (2007)
Foster, S.S.D.: Fundamental concepts in aquifer vulnerability, pollution risk and protection strategy. In: Van Duijevenboden, W.; Van Waegeningh, H.G. (eds.) Vulnerability of soil and groundwater to pollutants Proceedings and information of the TNO Committee on Hydrogeological Research 38, pp. 69–86 (1987)
Stigter T.Y.L, Ribeiro A M, CarvalhoDill M: Evaluation of intrinsic and a specific vulnerability assessment method in comparison with groundwater salinisation and nitrates contamination levels in two agricultural regions in the South of Portugal. Hydrogeol. J. 14, 79–99 (2006)
Ribeiro, L.: IS: um novo indice de susceptibilidade de aquíferos á contaminação agrícola [SI: a new index of aquifer susceptibility to agricultural pollution]. Internal report, ER-SHA/CVRM, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal (2000)
Aydi, W.: Evaluation de la vulnérabilité à la pollution de la nappe phréatique de Sidi Bouzid (Tunisie centrale). Mémoire de mastère. Faculté des Sciences de Sfax (2008)
Sophocleous M.A.: Combining the soil water balance and 475 waterlevel fluctuation methods to estimate natural groundwater recharge: practical aspects. J. Hydrol. 124, 229–241 (1991)
Moom S.K, Woo N.C, Lee K.S: Statistical analysis of 461 hydrographs and water-table fluctuation to estimate groundwater 462 recharge. J. Hydrol. 292, 198–209 (2004)
CRDA (Regional Agency of Agricultural Development of Sidi Bouzid): Annuaires de surveillance de Piézomètrie et de salinité du gouvernorat de Sidi Bouzid (1980–2004)
Anwar, M.; Prem, C.C.; Rao, V.B.: Evaluation of groundwater potential of Musi River catchment using DRASTIC index model. In: Hydrology and watershed management. Proceedings of the International Conference 18–20, (2002) pp. 399–409 (2003)
Atiquer R.: A GIS based DRASTIC model for assessing groundwater vulnerability in shallow aquifer in Aligarh, India. Appl. Geogr. 28, 32–53 (2008)
Saidi S, Bouri S, Ben Dhia H: Assessment of groundwater risk using intrinsic vulnerability and hazard mapping: Application to Souassi Aquifer, Tunisian Sahel. Agric. Water Manag. 98(2011), 1671–1682 (2011)
Chaibi, S.: Impact des effets anthropiques sur la nappe phréatique de Sidi Bouzid. Mémoire de mastère. Faculté des Sciences de Sfax (2004)
FAO: Agriculture, alimentation et nutrition en Afrique: un ouvrage de référence à l’usage des professeurs d’agriculture. Rome (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
S. Saidi and M. Chalbaoui contributed equally to the work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aydi, W., Saidi, S., Chalbaoui, M. et al. Evaluation of the Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution Using an Intrinsic and a Specific Method in a GIS Environment: Application to the Plain of Sidi Bouzid (Central Tunisia). Arab J Sci Eng 38, 1815–1831 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0417-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0417-9