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Charged System Search Algorithm for the Optimum Cost Design of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Walls

  • Research Article - Civil Engineering
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Abstract

In this paper, optimal design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls is performed under static loads utilizing the charged system search (CSS) method. This design is based on ACI 318-05, and optimization is on the basis of cost function of materials used in retaining walls and their constructions. This function is minimized while satisfying the design constraints. Performance of the CSS algorithm is compared to that of the improved harmony search algorithm. Four examples are optimized and their convergence curves are compared.

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Abbreviations

t t :

Top stem thickness

t b :

Bottom stem and key thickness

H T :

Top stem height

H B :

Bottom stem height

L T :

Toe length

L H :

Heel length

L :

Total length of the base of the footing

h f :

Footing thickness

γ b :

Density of the fill

φ :

Internal friction angle of the fill

β :

Backfill slope

μ :

Base friction coefficient

γ c :

Density of the concrete

W w,t :

Weight of the top stem

W w,b :

Weight of the bottom stem

W b :

Weight of the fill on the heel

W s :

Surcharge weight

h k :

Key depth

h p :

Soil over toe

C 1 :

Cost of the concrete

C 2 :

Cost of the steel

C 3 :

Cost of the concreting

C 4 :

Cost of the erecting reinforcement

F1, F2:

Type of the back fills

T1, …, T7:

The selected variables

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Centre of Excellence for Fundamental Studies in Structural Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran-16, Iran

    A. Kaveh

  2. Building and Housing Research Centre, Tehran-14, Iran

    A. F. Behnam

Authors
  1. A. Kaveh
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  2. A. F. Behnam
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Kaveh.

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Kaveh, A., Behnam, A.F. Charged System Search Algorithm for the Optimum Cost Design of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Walls. Arab J Sci Eng 38, 563–570 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0332-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0332-0

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