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Numerous peptidoglycan recognition protein genes expressed in the bacteriome of the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)

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Abstract

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) contribute to the immune response of vertebrates and higher invertebrates. Animals have a varying number of PGRP genes: 4 in human and mouse, 13 in Drosophila, and 0 in an aphid. Transcriptome analyses revealed that numerous PGRP genes (> 300 in an RNA-Seq analysis) were expressed in the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). PGRP genes were mostly expressed in the bacteriomes, in which two bacterial endosymbionts, Sulcia and Nasuia, are harbored. E. coli inoculation upregulated antimicrobial peptide gene expression in the leafhopper, whereas PGRP gene expression was not affected by the bacterial challenge. High and constant expression of PGRP genes in the bacteriomes and the lack of an immune response against invading bacteria suggest that these PGRPs play a hitherto unknown role in the bacteriomes, implicating a relationship with symbiotic association in N. cincticeps.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Y. Koizumi, J. Shiba, M. Ebihara, and Y. Matsumoto for EST analysis, M. Hattori for salivary gland sample preparation, K. Yamamoto and M. Shimomura for EST database construction, A. Jouraku for RNA-Seq, F. Yukuhiro for electron microscopy, T. Omura for provision of the leafhopper cell line, and K. Watanabe and H. Tanaka for their valuable suggestions.

Funding

This work was supported by the Program for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-Oriented Industry (BRAIN) and by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 25292201.

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  1. Makoto Tomizawa

    Present address: Yokohama Plant Protection Station, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-0033, Japan

  2. Yuki Nakamura

    Present address: Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM), RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan

  3. Hiroaki Noda

    Present address: , 4-2-901 Higashiarai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0033, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Agrobiololgical Sciences, Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan

    Makoto Tomizawa, Yuki Nakamura, Yoshitaka Suetsugu & Hiroaki Noda

  2. Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan

    Makoto Tomizawa & Hiroaki Noda

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Correspondence to Hiroaki Noda.

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Tomizawa, M., Nakamura, Y., Suetsugu, Y. et al. Numerous peptidoglycan recognition protein genes expressed in the bacteriome of the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). Appl Entomol Zool 55, 259–269 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-020-00680-z

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