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Genetic and ecological differences between Asphondylia yushimai and the ivy gall midge, Asphondylia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with a new distribution record of the former from Hokkaido and South Korea

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Abstract

The soybean pod gall midge, Asphondylia yushimai, is known to utilize Laurocerasus zippeliana (Rosaceae) and Osmanthus heterophyllus (Oleaceae) as autumn–spring hosts. In addition, ivy, Hedera rhombea (Araliaceae), was thought to be a candidate for an additional autumn–spring host. However, our genetic analysis indicated that no haplotypes of the ivy fruit gall midge, Asphondylia sp., were identical to any of the haplotypes of A. yushimai. Furthermore, the life-history traits of the ivy fruit gall midge, such as voltinism, host-plant range, lower development threshold temperature (LDT), and developmental speed, were clearly different from those of A. yushimai. Thus, the results from genetic analysis and life-history traits revealed that the ivy fruit gall midge was not identical to A. yushimai and that H. rhombea is not an additional autumn–spring host plant for A. yushimai. We also discovered through morphological observation and genetic analysis that A. yushimai is distributed in Hokkaido and South Korea, and that the ivy fruit gall midge exhibits host plant alternation, utilizing both the fruit of Phytolacca americana (Phytolaccaceae) and the flower buds of Paederia foetida (Rubiaceae) as spring–autumn hosts.

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Acknowledgements

We express our thanks to Dr. K. M. Harris (former Director of the International Institute of Entomology, UK) for his critical reading of an early draft. We are grateful to all the people who helped collect galls of A. yushimai, Asphondylia sp. 1, and other Asphondylia species at various localities in Japan. They are too numerous to mention by name. We also thank Ms. K. Matsunaga for providing us with a photograph of the flower bud galls induced by Asphondylia sp. 1 on P. foetida (Fig. 1e). This study was supported by a JSPS KAKENHI grant (no. JP15K07330) to N. U.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Nami Uechi

  2. Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea

    Wanggyu Kim

  3. Laboratory of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan

    Makoto Tokuda

  4. Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kumamoto, Japan

    Tomohisa Fujii

  5. Akita Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, Akita, Japan

    Hideki Kikuchi

  6. Agricultural Research Department, Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido Research Organization, Naganuma, Hokkaido, Japan

    Masashi Kakizaki & Akeo Iwasaki

  7. Department of Applied Biology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, South Korea

    Jong-Cheol Paik

  8. Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Junichi Yukawa

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  1. Nami Uechi
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  2. Wanggyu Kim
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  9. Junichi Yukawa
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Correspondence to Nami Uechi.

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Uechi, N., Kim, W., Tokuda, M. et al. Genetic and ecological differences between Asphondylia yushimai and the ivy gall midge, Asphondylia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with a new distribution record of the former from Hokkaido and South Korea. Appl Entomol Zool 53, 363–371 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-018-0567-7

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