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Influence of pest control pressure on occurrence of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in apple orchards

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Abstract

Bioindicators that reflect the level of chemical control have not been developed for use in apple orchards in Japan. In Japan, many carabid beetles and spiders are beneficial predators of a wide range of agricultural pest insects. In apple orchards, spider numbers are reflective of the level of control pressure, but there is no information on carabid beetles. To establish whether carabid beetles could indeed be useful bioindicators, the number of carabid beetles and spiders in six apple orchards (A–F) under different levels of control pressure was investigated in Akita prefecture, northern Japan, in 2008 and 2009. The negative impact on beneficial arthropods was assumed to decrease in the order of pyrethroids (A) > organophosphates (B) > neonicotinoids (C) > insect growth regulators (D) > fungicides only (E) > no spraying (F). Sprays were applied at 2-week intervals from mid-May to early August. Twenty species of carabid beetles were found in orchard F; about 50% of adults were Anisodactylus punctatipennis, and 30–40% were Amara chalcites. The number of Am. chalcites significantly decreased with increasing control pressure: (A–C) < (E, F) in 2008, (A–E) < F in 2009, and (A, B) < E in 2009. Most spiders collected were juvenile Tetragnathidae and Araneidae. The numbers of spiders and Am. chalcites adults were significantly highly correlated at each control pressure in both years. Thus, it was considered that only Am. chalcites adults can be used as bioindicators reflecting the control pressure in apple orchards in northern Japan, whereas the main diet of this species is probably C3 plants.

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Acknowledgments

I thank B. Short of the Appalachian Fruit Research Station of the Agricultural Research Service of USDA for proofreading the manuscript; M. Toyama of the National Institute of Fruit Tree Science for his helpful suggestions; H. Kikuchi of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Akita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center for his help in identifying adult Carabidae; A. Tanikawa of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, for his help in identifying spiders; and the staff of the Fruit-Tree Experiment Station, Akita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, for their assistance with the field work. This work was supported by “Selection of Functional Biodiversity Indicators and Development of Assessment Methods 1122” of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.

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  1. Fruit-Tree Experiment Station, Akita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Yokote, Akita, 013-0102, Japan

    Ken Funayama

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  1. Ken Funayama
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Correspondence to Ken Funayama.

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Funayama, K. Influence of pest control pressure on occurrence of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in apple orchards. Appl Entomol Zool 46, 103–110 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-010-0015-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-010-0015-9

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