Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Uncertainty Analysis for Ship-Bank Interaction Tests in A Circulating Water Channel

  • Published:
China Ocean Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic model test program to assess the uncertainty of the ship-bank interaction forces, using the planar motion mechanism (PMM) system in a circulating water channel (CWC). Therefore, the uncertainties due to ship-bank distance and water depth are considered, and they are calculated via the partial differentials of the regression formulae based on the test data. The general part of the uncertainty analysis (UA) is performed according to the ITTC recommended procedure 7.5-02-06.04, while the uncertainty of speed is identified as the bias limit due to the flow velocity maldistribution in the CWC. In each example test for the UA of ship-bank interaction forces, 12 repeated measurements were conducted. Results from the UA show that the contribution of water depth error and flow velocity maldistribution to the total uncertainty is noticeable, and the paper explains how they increase with the change of the test conditions. The present study will be useful in understanding the uncertainty regarding the ship-bank interaction force measurement in a CWC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • AIAA Standard, 1999. Assessment of Experimental Uncertainty with Application to Wind Tunnel Testing, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, Virginia, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • ASME, 1998. Test Uncertainty: Instruments and Apparatus, PTC 19.1-1998, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrd, R.H., Schnabel, R.B. and Shultz, G.A., 1988. Approximate solution of the trust region problem by minimization over two-dimensional subspaces, Mathematical Programming, 40(1–3), 247–263.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Ch’ng, P.W., Doctors, L.J. and Renilson, M.R., 1993. A method of calculating the ship-bank interaction forces and moments in restricted water, International Shipbuilding Progress, 40(421), 7–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cura Hochbaum, A., Stern, F., Agdrup, K., Broglia, R., Perdon, P., Kim, S.Y., Quadvlieg, F., Yasukawa, H. and Zou, Z.J., 2008. Forces and moment uncertainty analysis example for PMM test, ITTC Quality Manual, 7.5-02-06-04, Fukuoka, Japan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dand, I.W., 1981. On ship-bank interaction, The Transactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects, 124, 25–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hashizume, Y., Sano, M. and Yasukawa, H., 2016. Measurement accuracy of hydrodynamic forces on ship maneuvering in CWC, Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers, 23, 95–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Interface Corporation, 2002. Bus-Isolated 16-Bit 8-Channel (Differential)/16-Channel (Single-Ended) Analog-to-Digital Input PCI Product, PCI-3165. http://www.interface.co.jp/catalog/prdc.asp?name=PCI-3165.

    Google Scholar 

  • ITTC, 1999. Uncertainty analysis in EFD, uncertainty analysis methodology. ITTC Recommended Procedure 7.5-02-01-01, Proceedings of the 22nd International Towing Tank Conference, Seoul, Korea/Beijing, China.

    Google Scholar 

  • ITTC, 2017. Report of the manoeuvring committee, Proceedings of the 28th International Towing Tank Conference, Wuxi, China.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaidi, S., Smaoui, H. and Sergent, P., 2017. Numerical estimation of bank-propeller-hull interaction effect on ship manoeuvring using CFD method, Journal of Hydrodynamics, 29(1), 154–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kyowa Electronic Instruments Co., Ltd., 2017. DPM-911B Dynamic Strain Amplifier, https://www.kyowa-ei.com/eng/product/category/acquisition/s_dpm-900_series/index.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lataire, E. and Vantorre, M., 2008. Ship-bank interaction induced by irregular bank geometries, Proceedings of the 27th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Seoul, Korea.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lataire, E., Vantorre, M. and Delefortrie, G., 2012. A prediction method for squat in restricted and unrestricted rectangular fairways, Ocean Engineering, 55, 71–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, D.Q., Ottosson, P. and Tragardh, P., 2003. Prediction of bank effects by model tests and mathematical models, Proc. MAKSIM ’03, International Conference on Marine Simulation and Ship Maneuverability, Kanazawa, Japan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, H., Ma, N. and Gu, X.C., 2017. Ship-bank interaction of a VLCC ship model and related course-keeping control, Ships and Offshore Structures, 12(S1), S305–S316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longo, J. and Stern, F., 2005. Uncertainty assessment for towing tank tests with example for surface combatant DTMB Model 5415, Journal of Ship Research, 49(1), 55–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mucha, P., el Moctar, O., Dettmann, T. and Tenzer, M., 2018. An experimental study on the effect of confined water on resistance and propulsion of an inland waterway ship, Ocean Engineering, 167, 11–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nissho Electric Works Co., Ltd., 2009. 1-connector type 3-component load cell, LMC-3504A. http://www.nissho-ew.co.jp/_userdata/LMC-3504A.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Norrbin, N.FL, 1974. Bank effects on a ship moving through a short dredged channel, Proceedings of the 10 th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Cambridge, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, D.M., Lee, J. and Kim, Y., 2015. Uncertainty analysis for added resistance experiment of KVLCC2 ship, Ocean Engineering, 95, 143–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shoji, K., Ramachandran, R., Kurobe, Y. and Hashizume, Y., 2002. PMM tests in a circulating water channel and nonlinear analysis, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 7(2), 86–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simonsen, C.D., 2004. PMM Model Test with DDG51 Including Uncertainty Assessment, Lyngby, Denmark: FORCE Technology, Department of Maritime Industry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamashima, M., Matsui, S. and Ogura, M., 1983. Quantitative measurements with small models of ships in a circulating water channel, Experiments in Fluids, 1(3), 135–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tonelli, R. and Quadvlieg, F., 2015. New benchmark data for manoeuvring in shallow water based on free running manoeuvring tests including uncertainty of the results, Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, Newfoundland, Canada. OMAE2015-42254, V011T12A035.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ueno, M., Yoshimura, Y., Tsukada, Y. and Miyazaki, F.L., 2009. Circular motion tests and uncertainty analysis for ship maneuverability, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 14(4), 469–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Hoydonck, W., Toxopeus, S., Eloot, K., Bhawsinka, K., Queutey, P. and Visonneau, M., 2019. Bank effects for KVLCC2, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 24(1), 174–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, B.S., 2007. On geometric parameters in uncertainty analysis of measurement in ship model test, Journal of Ship Mechanics, 11(3), 363–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoon, F.L, Simonsen, C.D., Benedetti, L., Longo, J., Toda, Y. and Stern, F., 2015. Benchmark CFD validation data for surface com-batant 5415 in PMM maneuvers-Part I: Force/moment/motion measurements, Ocean Engineering, 109, 705–734.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zou, L. and Larsson, L., 2013. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) prediction of bank effects including verification and validation, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 18(3), 310–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to show sincere thanks to Mr. DAI Yi and Dr. WANG Fei for their help in the model tests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Han Liu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Han Liu, Ning Ma & Xie-chong Gu

  3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Han Liu, Ning Ma & Xie-chong Gu

Authors
  1. Han Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ning Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xie-chong Gu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ning Ma.

Additional information

Foundation item: This study is financially supported by the China Ministry of Education Key Research Project “KSHIP-II Project” (Grant No. GKZY010004).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, H., Ma, N. & Gu, Xc. Uncertainty Analysis for Ship-Bank Interaction Tests in A Circulating Water Channel. China Ocean Eng 34, 352–361 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-020-0032-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-020-0032-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation